feat(runtime): add durable append-only effect log with interrupted replay

Claims are fsynced to a per-lineage JSONL log before a caller may invoke a
backend; a persistence failure raises EffectPersistenceError (a
ResourceIdentityError) so dispatch fails closed. Outcomes and observations are
appended; nothing is rewritten. Reload validates every record strictly, ignores
only a torn final write, and fails closed on corruption, forgery or hardlink
aliasing. recover_interrupted appends INTERRUPTED/possible-impact outcomes for
claims that never settled and leaves RUNNING background effects alone.

The effect store is added to Wave 3 control-plane paths (prefix check only;
the log itself refuses aliased files), so filesystem tools cannot forge it.
Tests redirect the store to a session tmp directory.
This commit is contained in:
Alexandre Teixeira
2026-10-02 20:02:31 +01:00
parent c57aa7ad5c
commit 9c4ed24296
4 changed files with 371 additions and 0 deletions
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@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
"""Durable append-only effect log for one root run lineage.
This is the Wave 4 semantic store: claims, outcomes and observations only. It
is not a resource database, a process/containment store or an authority source.
A claim is fsynced before the backend is invoked; if that fails, the caller must
refuse the invocation. Later records are appended; nothing is rewritten.
On reload, a claim without a settled outcome becomes an appended INTERRUPTED
outcome with possible impact. Reload never manufactures success and never
upgrades an old report to fresh state.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import json
import os
from pathlib import Path
import re
import stat
import threading
from typing import Any
from src.constants import DATA_DIR
from src.agent_runtime.effects import (
EffectAssessment, EffectClaim, EffectHistory, EffectOutcome, Observation, assess_all, replay_interrupted,
)
from src.agent_runtime.resources import ResourceIdentityError
EFFECTS_DIR = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "effects")
_RUN_ID = re.compile(r"[a-f0-9]{32}")
_TYPES = {"claim": EffectClaim, "outcome": EffectOutcome, "observation": Observation}
_VERSION = 1
class EffectPersistenceError(ResourceIdentityError):
"""A pre-invocation claim could not be made durable; do not invoke."""
def effects_dir() -> Path:
return Path(EFFECTS_DIR)
class EffectLog:
def __init__(self, run_id: str, *, durable: bool = True, directory: str | os.PathLike | None = None) -> None:
if not isinstance(run_id, str) or not _RUN_ID.fullmatch(run_id):
raise ValueError("Effect log requires a server-generated run identifier")
self.run_id = run_id
self.path = (Path(directory) if directory is not None else effects_dir()) / f"{run_id}.jsonl" if durable else None
self._claims: list[EffectClaim] = []
self._outcomes: list[EffectOutcome] = []
self._observations: list[Observation] = []
self._sequence = 0
# A non-claim record failed to persist. In-memory history stays
# truthful for this process; replay may lack the later record.
self.degraded = False
self._lock = threading.RLock()
# -- persistence -------------------------------------------------------
def _write(self, kind: str, record: Any) -> None:
assert self.path is not None
line = json.dumps({"v": _VERSION, "type": kind, "record": record.to_dict()},
sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
self.path.parent.mkdir(mode=0o700, parents=True, exist_ok=True)
flags = os.O_WRONLY | os.O_APPEND | os.O_CREAT | getattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW", 0) | getattr(os, "O_CLOEXEC", 0)
descriptor = os.open(self.path, flags, 0o600)
try:
info = os.fstat(descriptor)
if info.st_nlink != 1 or not stat.S_ISREG(info.st_mode):
raise OSError("Effect log is aliased")
data = line.encode("utf-8")
while data:
written = os.write(descriptor, data)
data = data[written:]
os.fsync(descriptor)
finally:
os.close(descriptor)
def _append(self, kind: str, build, *, required: bool):
with self._lock:
record = build(self._sequence + 1)
# Read-only runs need no durable file: replay concerns claims, and
# observations matter on disk only alongside them.
if self.path is not None and (kind != "observation" or self._claims):
try:
self._write(kind, record)
except OSError as error:
if required:
raise EffectPersistenceError("Effect claim could not be persisted durably") from error
self.degraded = True
self._sequence = record.sequence
{"claim": self._claims, "outcome": self._outcomes, "observation": self._observations}[kind].append(record)
return record
# -- records -----------------------------------------------------------
def claim(self, **fields: Any) -> EffectClaim:
"""Persist a claim before invocation; raises if it is not durable."""
run_id = fields.pop("run_id", self.run_id)
return self._append("claim", lambda seq: EffectClaim(sequence=seq, run_id=run_id, **fields), required=True)
def outcome(self, **fields: Any) -> EffectOutcome:
return self._append("outcome", lambda seq: EffectOutcome(sequence=seq, **fields), required=False)
def observe(self, **fields: Any) -> Observation:
return self._append("observation", lambda seq: Observation(sequence=seq, **fields), required=False)
def history(self) -> EffectHistory:
with self._lock:
return EffectHistory(tuple(self._claims), tuple(self._outcomes), tuple(self._observations))
def assessments(self) -> tuple[EffectAssessment, ...]:
return assess_all(self.history())
# -- replay ------------------------------------------------------------
@classmethod
def load(cls, run_id: str, *, directory: str | os.PathLike | None = None) -> "EffectLog":
"""Reload a persisted log. A malformed record fails closed.
A torn final line (no newline) is the only tolerated damage: it was a
write interrupted by a crash, so its claim never returned to a caller
and no backend invocation followed it.
"""
log = cls(run_id, directory=directory)
assert log.path is not None
try:
descriptor = os.open(log.path, os.O_RDONLY | getattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW", 0) | getattr(os, "O_CLOEXEC", 0))
except FileNotFoundError:
return log
except OSError as error:
raise EffectPersistenceError("Effect log is unreadable") from error
try:
info = os.fstat(descriptor)
if info.st_nlink != 1 or not stat.S_ISREG(info.st_mode):
raise EffectPersistenceError("Effect log is aliased")
with os.fdopen(descriptor, "rb") as stream:
descriptor = None
raw = stream.read()
except OSError as error:
raise EffectPersistenceError("Effect log is unreadable") from error
finally:
if descriptor is not None:
os.close(descriptor)
lines = raw.split(b"\n")
if lines and lines[-1] == b"":
lines.pop()
elif lines:
lines.pop() # torn final write
records: dict[str, list] = {"claim": [], "outcome": [], "observation": []}
for line in lines:
try:
entry = json.loads(line.decode("utf-8"))
if (not isinstance(entry, dict) or set(entry) != {"v", "type", "record"}
or entry["v"] != _VERSION or entry["type"] not in _TYPES):
raise ValueError("unsupported effect record")
records[entry["type"]].append(_TYPES[entry["type"]].from_dict(entry["record"]))
except (ValueError, TypeError, KeyError, UnicodeDecodeError) as error:
raise EffectPersistenceError("Effect log is corrupt") from error
try:
history = EffectHistory(tuple(records["claim"]), tuple(records["outcome"]), tuple(records["observation"]))
except ValueError as error:
raise EffectPersistenceError("Effect log history is inconsistent") from error
log._claims, log._outcomes, log._observations = (list(history.claims), list(history.outcomes),
list(history.observations))
log._sequence = max((r.sequence for r in (*history.claims, *history.outcomes, *history.observations)),
default=0)
return log
def recover_interrupted(self) -> tuple[EffectOutcome, ...]:
"""Append INTERRUPTED outcomes for claims that never settled."""
with self._lock:
pending = replay_interrupted(self.history(), self._sequence + 1)
for outcome in pending:
self._append("outcome", lambda seq, o=outcome: EffectOutcome(
o.effect_id, seq, o.execution, o.impact, replayed=True), required=False)
return tuple(self._outcomes[-len(pending):]) if pending else ()
+8
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@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ def _control_plane_path(path):
processes = sys.modules.get("src.agent_runtime.process_resources")
if processes is not None:
job_dirs.add(canonical_root(processes._LAUNCH_DIR))
# Durable effect claims/outcomes/observations are server evidence state.
# The log refuses hardlinked files itself, so a prefix check suffices.
effect_dirs = {canonical_root(os.path.join(constants.DATA_DIR, "effects"))}
effect_log = sys.modules.get("src.agent_runtime.effect_log")
if effect_log is not None:
effect_dirs.add(canonical_root(effect_log.EFFECTS_DIR))
if any(Path(path).is_relative_to(directory) for directory in effect_dirs):
return True
# Producers may have configured paths different from the default constants.
# Inspect already-loaded server metadata without initializing a store here.
bg = sys.modules.get("src.bg_jobs")
+22
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@@ -227,6 +227,28 @@ def _serve_test_static():
server.server_close()
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def _effects_store_root(tmp_path_factory):
return tmp_path_factory.mktemp("effects")
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def _isolated_effects_store(_effects_store_root):
"""Keep durable effect claims out of the developer's real data directory.
Restored manually: requesting the shared ``monkeypatch`` here would move
its teardown after ``_no_leaked_module_stubs`` and misreport test stubs.
"""
from src.agent_runtime import effect_log
previous = effect_log.EFFECTS_DIR
effect_log.EFFECTS_DIR = str(_effects_store_root)
try:
yield
finally:
effect_log.EFFECTS_DIR = previous
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def _no_leaked_module_stubs():
"""Fail the test that leaves a bare ``src.*``/``core.*`` stub behind.
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"""Durable Wave 4 effect log: pre-invocation claims, append-only replay."""
from __future__ import annotations
import json
import os
import pytest
from src.agent_runtime import effects as fx
from src.agent_runtime.effect_log import EffectLog, EffectPersistenceError
from src.agent_runtime.resources import FilesystemResource, FilesystemRoot, OwnedResource
RUN = "a" * 32
@pytest.fixture
def target(tmp_path):
workspace = tmp_path / "ws"
workspace.mkdir()
root = FilesystemRoot.seal(str(workspace))
return fx.resource_ref(FilesystemResource.resolve(root, str(workspace / "a.txt"), allow_missing=True), "destination")
def claim(log, target, effect_id="e1", action_id="act-1"):
return log.claim(effect_id=effect_id, action_id=action_id, operation=fx.OperationRef("write_file", "", "0" * 64),
impact_scope=(target,), obligations=(fx.Postcondition(target, fx.Predicate.EXISTS),))
def records(path):
return [json.loads(line) for line in path.read_text().splitlines()]
def test_claim_is_fsynced_to_disk_before_returning(tmp_path, target, monkeypatch):
synced = []
real_fsync = os.fsync
monkeypatch.setattr(os, "fsync", lambda fd: (synced.append(fd), real_fsync(fd)))
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=tmp_path / "fx")
made = claim(log, target)
assert synced, "claim must be fsynced before the caller can invoke a backend"
on_disk = records(log.path)
assert [r["type"] for r in on_disk] == ["claim"]
assert fx.EffectClaim.from_dict(on_disk[0]["record"]) == made
assert oct(log.path.stat().st_mode & 0o777) == "0o600"
def test_claim_persistence_failure_raises_and_records_nothing(tmp_path, target):
blocker = tmp_path / "not-a-directory"
blocker.write_text("x")
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=blocker)
with pytest.raises(EffectPersistenceError):
claim(log, target)
assert log.history().claims == ()
def test_non_claim_failure_degrades_without_losing_in_memory_truth(tmp_path, target, monkeypatch):
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=tmp_path / "fx")
made = claim(log, target)
monkeypatch.setattr(log, "_write", lambda kind, record: (_ for _ in ()).throw(OSError("disk full")))
log.outcome(effect_id=made.effect_id, execution=fx.ExecutionOutcome.REPORTED_SUCCESS, impact=fx.Impact.POSSIBLE)
assert log.degraded
assert fx.assess(made, log.history()).execution is fx.ExecutionOutcome.REPORTED_SUCCESS
# Replay only sees the durable claim: it stays unknown, never success.
reloaded = EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=tmp_path / "fx")
assert fx.assess(made, reloaded.history()).verdict is fx.EffectVerdict.PENDING
def test_replay_after_restart_marks_unsettled_claims_interrupted(tmp_path, target):
directory = tmp_path / "fx"
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=directory)
settled = claim(log, target, "e1", "a1")
log.outcome(effect_id="e1", execution=fx.ExecutionOutcome.REPORTED_SUCCESS, impact=fx.Impact.POSSIBLE,
execution_id="a1:x")
log.observe(observation_id="o1", resource=target, mechanism=fx.ObservationMechanism.FILESYSTEM_READ,
coverage=fx.Coverage.COMPLETE, source_action_id="r1", exists=True)
pending = claim(log, target, "e2", "a2")
del log # process "crashes" before e2 settles
reloaded = EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=directory)
assert fx.assess(settled, reloaded.history()).verdict is fx.EffectVerdict.UNVERIFIED # e2 made o1 stale
appended = reloaded.recover_interrupted()
assert [(o.effect_id, o.execution, o.impact, o.replayed) for o in appended] == [
("e2", fx.ExecutionOutcome.INTERRUPTED, fx.Impact.POSSIBLE, True)]
assessment = fx.assess(pending, reloaded.history())
assert assessment.verdict is fx.EffectVerdict.UNVERIFIED and assessment.unresolved_impact
# Recovery is append-only and idempotent across another restart.
again = EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=directory)
assert again.recover_interrupted() == ()
assert [r["type"] for r in records(again.path)] == ["claim", "outcome", "observation", "claim", "outcome"]
def test_running_background_claim_is_not_converted_by_replay(tmp_path, target):
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=tmp_path / "fx")
made = claim(log, target)
log.outcome(effect_id=made.effect_id, execution=fx.ExecutionOutcome.RUNNING, impact=fx.Impact.POSSIBLE)
reloaded = EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=tmp_path / "fx")
assert reloaded.recover_interrupted() == ()
assert fx.assess(made, reloaded.history()).verdict is fx.EffectVerdict.PENDING
def test_torn_final_write_is_ignored_but_corruption_fails_closed(tmp_path, target):
directory = tmp_path / "fx"
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=directory)
claim(log, target)
with open(log.path, "ab") as stream:
stream.write(b'{"v":1,"type":"outcome","rec') # crash mid-append
assert len(EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=directory).history().claims) == 1
with open(log.path, "ab") as stream:
stream.write(b'\n{"v":1,"type":"outcome","record":{"forged":true}}\n')
with pytest.raises(EffectPersistenceError):
EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=directory)
def test_forged_success_record_cannot_be_replayed_into_verification(tmp_path, target):
directory = tmp_path / "fx"
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=directory)
made = claim(log, target)
forged = {"v": 1, "type": "outcome", "record": {**fx.EffectOutcome(
made.effect_id, 2, fx.ExecutionOutcome.FAILED, fx.Impact.POSSIBLE).to_dict(), "execution": "verified"}}
with open(log.path, "a") as stream:
stream.write(json.dumps(forged) + "\n")
with pytest.raises(EffectPersistenceError):
EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=directory)
def test_hardlinked_log_is_refused(tmp_path, target):
directory = tmp_path / "fx"
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=directory)
claim(log, target)
os.link(log.path, tmp_path / "alias.jsonl")
with pytest.raises(EffectPersistenceError):
EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=directory)
with pytest.raises(EffectPersistenceError):
claim(log, target, "e2", "a2")
def test_read_only_runs_write_no_file(tmp_path, target):
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=tmp_path / "fx")
log.observe(observation_id="o1", resource=target, mechanism=fx.ObservationMechanism.FILESYSTEM_READ,
coverage=fx.Coverage.PARTIAL, source_action_id="r1", exists=True)
assert not log.path.exists() and len(log.history().observations) == 1
def test_run_identifier_must_be_server_generated(tmp_path):
for forged in ("../escape", "", "A" * 32, "a" * 31):
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
EffectLog(forged, directory=tmp_path)
def test_effect_store_is_server_control_state(tmp_path):
from src.agent_runtime import effect_log
store = effect_log.effects_dir()
store.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
root = FilesystemRoot.seal(str(store.parent))
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="sensitive"):
FilesystemResource.resolve(root, str(store / ("b" * 32 + ".jsonl")), allow_missing=True)
def test_owned_revision_scope_round_trips(tmp_path):
record = fx.resource_ref(OwnedResource("notes", "u", "t", "notes", "n1", "rev-1"), "record")
log = EffectLog(RUN, directory=tmp_path / "fx")
log.claim(effect_id="e1", action_id="a1", operation=fx.OperationRef("manage_notes", "", "0" * 64),
impact_scope=(record,))
assert EffectLog.load(RUN, directory=tmp_path / "fx").history().claims[0].impact_scope == (record,)