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1.9 KiB
1.9 KiB
测试依赖项
测试时覆盖依赖项
有些场景下，您可能需要在测试时覆盖依赖项。
即不希望运行原有依赖项（及其子依赖项）。
反之，要在测试期间（或只是为某些特定测试）提供只用于测试的依赖项，并使用此依赖项的值替换原有依赖项的值。
用例：外部服务
常见实例是调用外部第三方身份验证应用。
向第三方应用发送令牌，然后返回经验证的用户。
但第三方服务商处理每次请求都可能会收费，并且耗时通常也比调用写死的模拟测试用户更长。
一般只要测试一次外部验证应用就够了，不必每次测试都去调用。
此时，最好覆盖调用外部验证应用的依赖项，使用返回模拟测试用户的自定义依赖项就可以了。
使用 app.dependency_overrides 属性
对于这些用例，FastAPI 应用支持 app.dependency_overrides 属性，该属性就是字典。
要在测试时覆盖原有依赖项，这个字典的键应当是原依赖项（函数），值是覆盖依赖项（另一个函数）。
这样一来，FastAPI 就会调用覆盖依赖项，不再调用原依赖项。
{* ../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[26:27,30] *}
/// tip | 提示
FastAPI 应用中的任何位置都可以实现覆盖依赖项。
原依赖项可用于路径操作函数、路径操作装饰器（不需要返回值时）、.include_router() 调用等。
FastAPI 可以覆盖这些位置的依赖项。
///
然后，使用 app.dependency_overrides 把覆盖依赖项重置为空字典：
app.dependency_overrides = {}
/// tip | 提示
如果只在某些测试时覆盖依赖项，您可以在测试开始时（在测试函数内）设置覆盖依赖项，并在结束时（在测试函数结尾）重置覆盖依赖项。
///