Sync fastapi docs from b5ca1324 on 2025-12-07

tests/forward_reference_type.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+def forwardref_method(input: "ForwardRefModel") -> "ForwardRefModel":
+    return ForwardRefModel(x=input.x + 1)
+
+
+class ForwardRefModel(BaseModel):
+    x: int = 0

tests/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+import http
+from typing import FrozenSet, List, Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query
+
+external_docs = {
+    "description": "External API documentation.",
+    "url": "https://docs.example.com/api-general",
+}
+
+app = FastAPI(openapi_external_docs=external_docs)
+
+
+@app.api_route("/api_route")
+def non_operation():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+
+
+def non_decorated_route():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+
+
+app.add_api_route("/non_decorated_route", non_decorated_route)
+
+
+@app.get("/text")
+def get_text():
+    return "Hello World"
+
+
+@app.get("/path/{item_id}")
+def get_id(item_id):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/str/{item_id}")
+def get_str_id(item_id: str):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/int/{item_id}")
+def get_int_id(item_id: int):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/float/{item_id}")
+def get_float_id(item_id: float):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/bool/{item_id}")
+def get_bool_id(item_id: bool):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_id(item_id: Optional[str] = Path()):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-minlength/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_min_length(item_id: str = Path(min_length=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-maxlength/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_max_length(item_id: str = Path(max_length=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-min_maxlength/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_min_max_length(item_id: str = Path(max_length=3, min_length=2)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-gt/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_gt(item_id: float = Path(gt=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-gt0/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_gt0(item_id: float = Path(gt=0)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-ge/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_ge(item_id: float = Path(ge=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-lt/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_lt(item_id: float = Path(lt=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-lt0/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_lt0(item_id: float = Path(lt=0)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-le/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_le(item_id: float = Path(le=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-lt-gt/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_lt_gt(item_id: float = Path(lt=3, gt=1)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-le-ge/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_le_ge(item_id: float = Path(le=3, ge=1)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-lt-int/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_lt_int(item_id: int = Path(lt=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-gt-int/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_gt_int(item_id: int = Path(gt=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-le-int/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_le_int(item_id: int = Path(le=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-ge-int/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_ge_int(item_id: int = Path(ge=3)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-lt-gt-int/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_lt_gt_int(item_id: int = Path(lt=3, gt=1)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/path/param-le-ge-int/{item_id}")
+def get_path_param_le_ge_int(item_id: int = Path(le=3, ge=1)):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/query")
+def get_query(query):
+    return f"foo bar {query}"
+
+
+@app.get("/query/optional")
+def get_query_optional(query=None):
+    if query is None:
+        return "foo bar"
+    return f"foo bar {query}"
+
+
+@app.get("/query/int")
+def get_query_type(query: int):
+    return f"foo bar {query}"
+
+
+@app.get("/query/int/optional")
+def get_query_type_optional(query: Optional[int] = None):
+    if query is None:
+        return "foo bar"
+    return f"foo bar {query}"
+
+
+@app.get("/query/int/default")
+def get_query_type_int_default(query: int = 10):
+    return f"foo bar {query}"
+
+
+@app.get("/query/param")
+def get_query_param(query=Query(default=None)):
+    if query is None:
+        return "foo bar"
+    return f"foo bar {query}"
+
+
+@app.get("/query/param-required")
+def get_query_param_required(query=Query()):
+    return f"foo bar {query}"
+
+
+@app.get("/query/param-required/int")
+def get_query_param_required_type(query: int = Query()):
+    return f"foo bar {query}"
+
+
+@app.get("/enum-status-code", status_code=http.HTTPStatus.CREATED)
+def get_enum_status_code():
+    return "foo bar"
+
+
+@app.get("/query/frozenset")
+def get_query_type_frozenset(query: FrozenSet[int] = Query(...)):
+    return ",".join(map(str, sorted(query)))
+
+
+@app.get("/query/list")
+def get_query_list(device_ids: List[int] = Query()) -> List[int]:
+    return device_ids
+
+
+@app.get("/query/list-default")
+def get_query_list_default(device_ids: List[int] = Query(default=[])) -> List[int]:
+    return device_ids

tests/test_additional_properties.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+from typing import Dict
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Items(BaseModel):
+    items: Dict[str, int]
+
+
+@app.post("/foo")
+def foo(items: Items):
+    return items.items
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_additional_properties_post():
+    response = client.post("/foo", json={"items": {"foo": 1, "bar": 2}})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"foo": 1, "bar": 2}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/foo": {
+                "post": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Foo",
+                    "operationId": "foo_foo_post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Items"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Items": {
+                    "title": "Items",
+                    "required": ["items"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "items": {
+                            "title": "Items",
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "additionalProperties": {"type": "integer"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_additional_properties_bool.py

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi._compat import PYDANTIC_V2
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+
+class FooBaseModel(BaseModel):
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
+    else:
+
+        class Config:
+            extra = "forbid"
+
+
+class Foo(FooBaseModel):
+    pass
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/")
+async def post(
+    foo: Union[Foo, None] = None,
+):
+    return foo
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_call_invalid():
+    response = client.post("/", json={"foo": {"bar": "baz"}})
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_call_valid():
+    response = client.post("/", json={})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "Post",
+                    "operationId": "post__post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": IsDict(
+                                    {
+                                        "anyOf": [
+                                            {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Foo"},
+                                            {"type": "null"},
+                                        ],
+                                        "title": "Foo",
+                                    }
+                                )
+                                | IsDict(
+                                    # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                    {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Foo"}
+                                )
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Foo": {
+                    "properties": {},
+                    "additionalProperties": False,
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "title": "Foo",
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Location",
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"type": "string", "title": "Message"},
+                        "type": {"type": "string", "title": "Error Type"},
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_additional_response_extra.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+sub_router = APIRouter()
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@sub_router.get("/")
+def read_item():
+    return {"id": "foo"}
+
+
+router.include_router(sub_router, prefix="/items")
+
+app.include_router(router)
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_path_operation():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"id": "foo"}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/items/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Read Item",
+                    "operationId": "read_item_items__get",
+                }
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_additional_responses_bad.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/a", responses={"hello": {"description": "Not a valid additional response"}})
+async def a():
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.1.0",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/a": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    # this is how one would imagine the openapi schema to be
+                    # but since the key is not valid, openapi.utils.get_openapi will raise ValueError
+                    "hello": {"description": "Not a valid additional response"},
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "A",
+                "operationId": "a_a_get",
+            }
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        client.get("/openapi.json")

tests/test_additional_responses_custom_model_in_callback.py

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+class CustomModel(BaseModel):
+    a: int
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+callback_router = APIRouter(default_response_class=JSONResponse)
+
+
+@callback_router.get(
+    "{$callback_url}/callback/", responses={400: {"model": CustomModel}}
+)
+def callback_route():
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@app.post("/", callbacks=callback_router.routes)
+def main_route(callback_url: HttpUrl):
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "Main Route",
+                    "operationId": "main_route__post",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "title": "Callback Url",
+                                    "minLength": 1,
+                                    "type": "string",
+                                    "format": "uri",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                            | IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "title": "Callback Url",
+                                    "maxLength": 2083,
+                                    "minLength": 1,
+                                    "type": "string",
+                                    "format": "uri",
+                                }
+                            ),
+                            "name": "callback_url",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "callbacks": {
+                        "callback_route": {
+                            "{$callback_url}/callback/": {
+                                "get": {
+                                    "summary": "Callback Route",
+                                    "operationId": "callback_route__callback_url__callback__get",
+                                    "responses": {
+                                        "400": {
+                                            "content": {
+                                                "application/json": {
+                                                    "schema": {
+                                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/CustomModel"
+                                                    }
+                                                }
+                                            },
+                                            "description": "Bad Request",
+                                        },
+                                        "200": {
+                                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                                            "content": {
+                                                "application/json": {"schema": {}}
+                                            },
+                                        },
+                                    },
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "CustomModel": {
+                    "title": "CustomModel",
+                    "required": ["a"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"a": {"title": "A", "type": "integer"}},
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_additional_responses_custom_validationerror.py

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import typing
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class JsonApiResponse(JSONResponse):
+    media_type = "application/vnd.api+json"
+
+
+class Error(BaseModel):
+    status: str
+    title: str
+
+
+class JsonApiError(BaseModel):
+    errors: typing.List[Error]
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/a/{id}",
+    response_class=JsonApiResponse,
+    responses={422: {"description": "Error", "model": JsonApiError}},
+)
+async def a(id):
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/a/{id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/vnd.api+json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/JsonApiError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/vnd.api+json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "A",
+                    "operationId": "a_a__id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Id"},
+                            "name": "id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Error": {
+                    "title": "Error",
+                    "required": ["status", "title"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "status": {"title": "Status", "type": "string"},
+                        "title": {"title": "Title", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "JsonApiError": {
+                    "title": "JsonApiError",
+                    "required": ["errors"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "errors": {
+                            "title": "Errors",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Error"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_additional_responses_default_validationerror.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/a/{id}")
+async def a(id):
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/a/{id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "A",
+                    "operationId": "a_a__id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Id"},
+                            "name": "id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_additional_responses_response_class.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import typing
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class JsonApiResponse(JSONResponse):
+    media_type = "application/vnd.api+json"
+
+
+class Error(BaseModel):
+    status: str
+    title: str
+
+
+class JsonApiError(BaseModel):
+    errors: typing.List[Error]
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/a",
+    response_class=JsonApiResponse,
+    responses={500: {"description": "Error", "model": JsonApiError}},
+)
+async def a():
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@app.get("/b", responses={500: {"description": "Error", "model": Error}})
+async def b():
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/a": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "500": {
+                            "description": "Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/vnd.api+json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/JsonApiError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/vnd.api+json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "A",
+                    "operationId": "a_a_get",
+                }
+            },
+            "/b": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "500": {
+                            "description": "Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Error"}
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "B",
+                    "operationId": "b_b_get",
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Error": {
+                    "title": "Error",
+                    "required": ["status", "title"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "status": {"title": "Status", "type": "string"},
+                        "title": {"title": "Title", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "JsonApiError": {
+                    "title": "JsonApiError",
+                    "required": ["errors"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "errors": {
+                            "title": "Errors",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Error"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_additional_responses_router.py

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class ResponseModel(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("/a", responses={501: {"description": "Error 1"}})
+async def a():
+    return "a"
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/b",
+    responses={
+        502: {"description": "Error 2"},
+        "4XX": {"description": "Error with range, upper"},
+    },
+)
+async def b():
+    return "b"
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/c",
+    responses={
+        "400": {"description": "Error with str"},
+        "5xx": {"description": "Error with range, lower"},
+        "default": {"description": "A default response"},
+    },
+)
+async def c():
+    return "c"
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/d",
+    responses={
+        "400": {"description": "Error with str"},
+        "5XX": {"model": ResponseModel},
+        "default": {"model": ResponseModel},
+    },
+)
+async def d():
+    return "d"
+
+
+app.include_router(router)
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_a():
+    response = client.get("/a")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "a"
+
+
+def test_b():
+    response = client.get("/b")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "b"
+
+
+def test_c():
+    response = client.get("/c")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "c"
+
+
+def test_d():
+    response = client.get("/d")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "d"
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/a": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "501": {"description": "Error 1"},
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "A",
+                    "operationId": "a_a_get",
+                }
+            },
+            "/b": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "502": {"description": "Error 2"},
+                        "4XX": {"description": "Error with range, upper"},
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "B",
+                    "operationId": "b_b_get",
+                }
+            },
+            "/c": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "400": {"description": "Error with str"},
+                        "5XX": {"description": "Error with range, lower"},
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "default": {"description": "A default response"},
+                    },
+                    "summary": "C",
+                    "operationId": "c_c_get",
+                }
+            },
+            "/d": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "400": {"description": "Error with str"},
+                        "5XX": {
+                            "description": "Server Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ResponseModel"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "default": {
+                            "description": "Default Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ResponseModel"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "D",
+                    "operationId": "d_d_get",
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "ResponseModel": {
+                    "title": "ResponseModel",
+                    "required": ["message"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"message": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}},
+                }
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_allow_inf_nan_in_enforcing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/")
+async def get(
+    x: Annotated[float, Query(allow_inf_nan=True)] = 0,
+    y: Annotated[float, Query(allow_inf_nan=False)] = 0,
+    z: Annotated[float, Query()] = 0,
+    b: Annotated[float, Body(allow_inf_nan=False)] = 0,
+) -> str:
+    return "OK"
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value,code",
+    [
+        ("-1", 200),
+        ("inf", 200),
+        ("-inf", 200),
+        ("nan", 200),
+        ("0", 200),
+        ("342", 200),
+    ],
+)
+def test_allow_inf_nan_param_true(value: str, code: int):
+    response = client.post(f"/?x={value}")
+    assert response.status_code == code, response.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value,code",
+    [
+        ("-1", 200),
+        ("inf", 422),
+        ("-inf", 422),
+        ("nan", 422),
+        ("0", 200),
+        ("342", 200),
+    ],
+)
+def test_allow_inf_nan_param_false(value: str, code: int):
+    response = client.post(f"/?y={value}")
+    assert response.status_code == code, response.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value,code",
+    [
+        ("-1", 200),
+        ("inf", 200),
+        ("-inf", 200),
+        ("nan", 200),
+        ("0", 200),
+        ("342", 200),
+    ],
+)
+def test_allow_inf_nan_param_default(value: str, code: int):
+    response = client.post(f"/?z={value}")
+    assert response.status_code == code, response.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value,code",
+    [
+        ("-1", 200),
+        ("inf", 422),
+        ("-inf", 422),
+        ("nan", 422),
+        ("0", 200),
+        ("342", 200),
+    ],
+)
+def test_allow_inf_nan_body(value: str, code: int):
+    response = client.post("/", json=value)
+    assert response.status_code == code, response.text

tests/test_ambiguous_params.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Path
+from fastapi.param_functions import Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from fastapi.utils import PYDANTIC_V2
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def test_no_annotated_defaults():
+    with pytest.raises(
+        AssertionError, match="Path parameters cannot have a default value"
+    ):
+
+        @app.get("/items/{item_id}/")
+        async def get_item(item_id: Annotated[int, Path(default=1)]):
+            pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        AssertionError,
+        match=(
+            "`Query` default value cannot be set in `Annotated` for 'item_id'. Set the"
+            " default value with `=` instead."
+        ),
+    ):
+
+        @app.get("/")
+        async def get(item_id: Annotated[int, Query(default=1)]):
+            pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_multiple_annotations():
+    async def dep():
+        pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+    @app.get("/multi-query")
+    async def get(foo: Annotated[int, Query(gt=2), Query(lt=10)]):
+        return foo
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        AssertionError,
+        match=(
+            "Cannot specify `Depends` in `Annotated` and default value"
+            " together for 'foo'"
+        ),
+    ):
+
+        @app.get("/")
+        async def get2(foo: Annotated[int, Depends(dep)] = Depends(dep)):
+            pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        AssertionError,
+        match=(
+            "Cannot specify a FastAPI annotation in `Annotated` and `Depends` as a"
+            " default value together for 'foo'"
+        ),
+    ):
+
+        @app.get("/")
+        async def get3(foo: Annotated[int, Query(min_length=1)] = Depends(dep)):
+            pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/multi-query", params={"foo": "5"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == 5
+
+    response = client.get("/multi-query", params={"foo": "123"})
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        response = client.get("/multi-query", params={"foo": "1"})
+        assert response.status_code == 422

tests/test_annotated.py

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+import pytest
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/default")
+async def default(foo: Annotated[str, Query()] = "foo"):
+    return {"foo": foo}
+
+
+@app.get("/required")
+async def required(foo: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=1)]):
+    return {"foo": foo}
+
+
+@app.get("/multiple")
+async def multiple(foo: Annotated[str, object(), Query(min_length=1)]):
+    return {"foo": foo}
+
+
+@app.get("/unrelated")
+async def unrelated(foo: Annotated[str, object()]):
+    return {"foo": foo}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+foo_is_missing = {
+    "detail": [
+        IsDict(
+            {
+                "loc": ["query", "foo"],
+                "msg": "Field required",
+                "type": "missing",
+                "input": None,
+            }
+        )
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        | IsDict(
+            {
+                "loc": ["query", "foo"],
+                "msg": "field required",
+                "type": "value_error.missing",
+            }
+        )
+    ]
+}
+foo_is_short = {
+    "detail": [
+        IsDict(
+            {
+                "ctx": {"min_length": 1},
+                "loc": ["query", "foo"],
+                "msg": "String should have at least 1 character",
+                "type": "string_too_short",
+                "input": "",
+            }
+        )
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        | IsDict(
+            {
+                "ctx": {"limit_value": 1},
+                "loc": ["query", "foo"],
+                "msg": "ensure this value has at least 1 characters",
+                "type": "value_error.any_str.min_length",
+            }
+        )
+    ]
+}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        ("/default", 200, {"foo": "foo"}),
+        ("/default?foo=bar", 200, {"foo": "bar"}),
+        ("/required?foo=bar", 200, {"foo": "bar"}),
+        ("/required", 422, foo_is_missing),
+        ("/required?foo=", 422, foo_is_short),
+        ("/multiple?foo=bar", 200, {"foo": "bar"}),
+        ("/multiple", 422, foo_is_missing),
+        ("/multiple?foo=", 422, foo_is_short),
+        ("/unrelated?foo=bar", 200, {"foo": "bar"}),
+        ("/unrelated", 422, foo_is_missing),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get(path, expected_status, expected_response):
+    response = client.get(path)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
+
+
+def test_multiple_path():
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.get("/test1")
+    @app.get("/test2")
+    async def test(var: Annotated[str, Query()] = "bar"):
+        return {"foo": var}
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/test1")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"foo": "bar"}
+
+    response = client.get("/test1", params={"var": "baz"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"foo": "baz"}
+
+    response = client.get("/test2")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"foo": "bar"}
+
+    response = client.get("/test2", params={"var": "baz"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"foo": "baz"}
+
+
+def test_nested_router():
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    router = APIRouter(prefix="/nested")
+
+    @router.get("/test")
+    async def test(var: Annotated[str, Query()] = "bar"):
+        return {"foo": var}
+
+    app.include_router(router)
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+
+    response = client.get("/nested/test")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"foo": "bar"}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/default": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Default",
+                    "operationId": "default_default_get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": False,
+                            "schema": {
+                                "title": "Foo",
+                                "type": "string",
+                                "default": "foo",
+                            },
+                            "name": "foo",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/required": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Required",
+                    "operationId": "required_required_get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {
+                                "title": "Foo",
+                                "minLength": 1,
+                                "type": "string",
+                            },
+                            "name": "foo",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/multiple": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Multiple",
+                    "operationId": "multiple_multiple_get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {
+                                "title": "Foo",
+                                "minLength": 1,
+                                "type": "string",
+                            },
+                            "name": "foo",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/unrelated": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Unrelated",
+                    "operationId": "unrelated_unrelated_get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Foo", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "foo",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_callable_endpoint.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from functools import partial
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+
+def main(some_arg, q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"some_arg": some_arg, "q": q}
+
+
+endpoint = partial(main, "foo")
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+app.get("/")(endpoint)
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_partial():
+    response = client.get("/?q=bar")
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data == {"some_arg": "foo", "q": "bar"}

tests/test_compat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    Undefined,
+    _get_model_config,
+    get_cached_model_fields,
+    is_scalar_field,
+    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
+    may_v1,
+)
+from fastapi._compat.shared import is_bytes_sequence_annotation
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+from .utils import needs_py310, needs_py_lt_314, needs_pydanticv2
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_model_field_default_required():
+    from fastapi._compat import v2
+
+    # For coverage
+    field_info = FieldInfo(annotation=str)
+    field = v2.ModelField(name="foo", field_info=field_info)
+    assert field.default is Undefined
+
+
+@needs_py_lt_314
+def test_v1_plain_validator_function():
+    from fastapi._compat import v1
+
+    # For coverage
+    def func(v):  # pragma: no cover
+        return v
+
+    result = v1.with_info_plain_validator_function(func)
+    assert result == {}
+
+
+def test_is_model_field():
+    # For coverage
+    from fastapi._compat import _is_model_field
+
+    assert not _is_model_field(str)
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_get_model_config():
+    # For coverage in Pydantic v2
+    class Foo(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    foo = Foo()
+    config = _get_model_config(foo)
+    assert config == {"from_attributes": True}
+
+
+def test_complex():
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.post("/")
+    def foo(foo: Union[str, List[int]]):
+        return foo
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+
+    response = client.post("/", json="bar")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "bar"
+
+    response2 = client.post("/", json=[1, 2])
+    assert response2.status_code == 200, response2.text
+    assert response2.json() == [1, 2]
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_propagates_pydantic2_model_config():
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    class Missing:
+        def __bool__(self):
+            return False
+
+    class EmbeddedModel(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
+        value: Union[str, Missing] = Missing()
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(
+            arbitrary_types_allowed=True,
+        )
+        value: Union[str, Missing] = Missing()
+        embedded_model: EmbeddedModel = EmbeddedModel()
+
+    @app.post("/")
+    def foo(req: Model) -> Dict[str, Union[str, None]]:
+        return {
+            "value": req.value or None,
+            "embedded_value": req.embedded_model.value or None,
+        }
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+
+    response = client.post("/", json={})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "value": None,
+        "embedded_value": None,
+    }
+
+    response2 = client.post(
+        "/", json={"value": "foo", "embedded_model": {"value": "bar"}}
+    )
+    assert response2.status_code == 200, response2.text
+    assert response2.json() == {
+        "value": "foo",
+        "embedded_value": "bar",
+    }
+
+
+def test_is_bytes_sequence_annotation_union():
+    # For coverage
+    # TODO: in theory this would allow declaring types that could be lists of bytes
+    # to be read from files and other types, but I'm not even sure it's a good idea
+    # to support it as a first class "feature"
+    assert is_bytes_sequence_annotation(Union[List[str], List[bytes]])
+
+
+def test_is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation():
+    # For coverage
+    # TODO: in theory this would allow declaring types that could be lists of UploadFile
+    # and other types, but I'm not even sure it's a good idea to support it as a first
+    # class "feature"
+    assert is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(Union[List[str], List[UploadFile]])
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_serialize_sequence_value_with_optional_list():
+    """Test that serialize_sequence_value handles optional lists correctly."""
+    from fastapi._compat import v2
+
+    field_info = FieldInfo(annotation=Union[List[str], None])
+    field = v2.ModelField(name="items", field_info=field_info)
+    result = v2.serialize_sequence_value(field=field, value=["a", "b", "c"])
+    assert result == ["a", "b", "c"]
+    assert isinstance(result, list)
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+@needs_py310
+def test_serialize_sequence_value_with_optional_list_pipe_union():
+    """Test that serialize_sequence_value handles optional lists correctly (with new syntax)."""
+    from fastapi._compat import v2
+
+    field_info = FieldInfo(annotation=list[str] | None)
+    field = v2.ModelField(name="items", field_info=field_info)
+    result = v2.serialize_sequence_value(field=field, value=["a", "b", "c"])
+    assert result == ["a", "b", "c"]
+    assert isinstance(result, list)
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_serialize_sequence_value_with_none_first_in_union():
+    """Test that serialize_sequence_value handles Union[None, List[...]] correctly."""
+    from fastapi._compat import v2
+
+    field_info = FieldInfo(annotation=Union[None, List[str]])
+    field = v2.ModelField(name="items", field_info=field_info)
+    result = v2.serialize_sequence_value(field=field, value=["x", "y"])
+    assert result == ["x", "y"]
+    assert isinstance(result, list)
+
+
+@needs_py_lt_314
+def test_is_pv1_scalar_field():
+    from fastapi._compat import v1
+
+    # For coverage
+    class Model(v1.BaseModel):
+        foo: Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]
+
+    fields = v1.get_model_fields(Model)
+    assert not is_scalar_field(fields[0])
+
+
+@needs_py_lt_314
+def test_get_model_fields_cached():
+    from fastapi._compat import v1
+
+    class Model(may_v1.BaseModel):
+        foo: str
+
+    non_cached_fields = v1.get_model_fields(Model)
+    non_cached_fields2 = v1.get_model_fields(Model)
+    cached_fields = get_cached_model_fields(Model)
+    cached_fields2 = get_cached_model_fields(Model)
+    for f1, f2 in zip(cached_fields, cached_fields2):
+        assert f1 is f2
+
+    assert non_cached_fields is not non_cached_fields2
+    assert cached_fields is cached_fields2

tests/test_computed_fields.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from .utils import needs_pydanticv2
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client(request):
+    separate_input_output_schemas = request.param
+    app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas)
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Rectangle(BaseModel):
+        width: int
+        length: int
+
+        @computed_field
+        @property
+        def area(self) -> int:
+            return self.width * self.length
+
+    @app.get("/")
+    def read_root() -> Rectangle:
+        return Rectangle(width=3, length=4)
+
+    @app.get("/responses", responses={200: {"model": Rectangle}})
+    def read_responses() -> Rectangle:
+        return Rectangle(width=3, length=4)
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("client", [True, False], indirect=True)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("path", ["/", "/responses"])
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_get(client: TestClient, path: str):
+    response = client.get(path)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"width": 3, "length": 4, "area": 12}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("client", [True, False], indirect=True)
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Read Root",
+                    "operationId": "read_root__get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Rectangle"}
+                                }
+                            },
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/responses": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Read Responses",
+                    "operationId": "read_responses_responses_get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Rectangle"}
+                                }
+                            },
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Rectangle": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "width": {"type": "integer", "title": "Width"},
+                        "length": {"type": "integer", "title": "Length"},
+                        "area": {"type": "integer", "title": "Area", "readOnly": True},
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["width", "length", "area"],
+                    "title": "Rectangle",
+                }
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_custom_middleware_exception.py

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+class ContentSizeLimitMiddleware:
+    """Content size limiting middleware for ASGI applications
+    Args:
+      app (ASGI application): ASGI application
+      max_content_size (optional): the maximum content size allowed in bytes, None for no limit
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: APIRouter, max_content_size: Optional[int] = None):
+        self.app = app
+        self.max_content_size = max_content_size
+
+    def receive_wrapper(self, receive):
+        received = 0
+
+        async def inner():
+            nonlocal received
+            message = await receive()
+            if message["type"] != "http.request":
+                return message  # pragma: no cover
+
+            body_len = len(message.get("body", b""))
+            received += body_len
+            if received > self.max_content_size:
+                raise HTTPException(
+                    422,
+                    detail={
+                        "name": "ContentSizeLimitExceeded",
+                        "code": 999,
+                        "message": "File limit exceeded",
+                    },
+                )
+            return message
+
+        return inner
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
+        if scope["type"] != "http" or self.max_content_size is None:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        wrapper = self.receive_wrapper(receive)
+        await self.app(scope, wrapper, send)
+
+
+@router.post("/middleware")
+def run_middleware(file: UploadFile = File(..., description="Big File")):
+    return {"message": "OK"}
+
+
+app.include_router(router)
+app.add_middleware(ContentSizeLimitMiddleware, max_content_size=2**8)
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_custom_middleware_exception(tmp_path: Path):
+    default_pydantic_max_size = 2**16
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"x" * (default_pydantic_max_size + 1))
+
+    with client:
+        with open(path, "rb") as file:
+            response = client.post("/middleware", files={"file": file})
+        assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+        assert response.json() == {
+            "detail": {
+                "name": "ContentSizeLimitExceeded",
+                "code": 999,
+                "message": "File limit exceeded",
+            }
+        }
+
+
+def test_custom_middleware_exception_not_raised(tmp_path: Path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    with client:
+        with open(path, "rb") as file:
+            response = client.post("/middleware", files={"file": file})
+        assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+        assert response.json() == {"message": "OK"}

tests/test_custom_route_class.py

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.routing import APIRoute
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from starlette.routing import Route
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class APIRouteA(APIRoute):
+    x_type = "A"
+
+
+class APIRouteB(APIRoute):
+    x_type = "B"
+
+
+class APIRouteC(APIRoute):
+    x_type = "C"
+
+
+router_a = APIRouter(route_class=APIRouteA)
+router_b = APIRouter(route_class=APIRouteB)
+router_c = APIRouter(route_class=APIRouteC)
+
+
+@router_a.get("/")
+def get_a():
+    return {"msg": "A"}
+
+
+@router_b.get("/")
+def get_b():
+    return {"msg": "B"}
+
+
+@router_c.get("/")
+def get_c():
+    return {"msg": "C"}
+
+
+router_b.include_router(router=router_c, prefix="/c")
+router_a.include_router(router=router_b, prefix="/b")
+app.include_router(router=router_a, prefix="/a")
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        ("/a", 200, {"msg": "A"}),
+        ("/a/b", 200, {"msg": "B"}),
+        ("/a/b/c", 200, {"msg": "C"}),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_path(path, expected_status, expected_response):
+    response = client.get(path)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
+
+
+def test_route_classes():
+    routes = {}
+    for r in app.router.routes:
+        assert isinstance(r, Route)
+        routes[r.path] = r
+    assert getattr(routes["/a/"], "x_type") == "A"  # noqa: B009
+    assert getattr(routes["/a/b/"], "x_type") == "B"  # noqa: B009
+    assert getattr(routes["/a/b/c/"], "x_type") == "C"  # noqa: B009
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/a/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Get A",
+                    "operationId": "get_a_a__get",
+                }
+            },
+            "/a/b/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Get B",
+                    "operationId": "get_b_a_b__get",
+                }
+            },
+            "/a/b/c/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Get C",
+                    "operationId": "get_c_a_b_c__get",
+                }
+            },
+        },
+    }

tests/test_custom_schema_fields.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi._compat import PYDANTIC_V2
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+if PYDANTIC_V2:
+    from pydantic import WithJsonSchema
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str], WithJsonSchema({"type": ["string", "null"]})
+        ] = None
+
+        model_config = {
+            "json_schema_extra": {
+                "x-something-internal": {"level": 4},
+            }
+        }
+    else:
+        description: Optional[str] = None  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+
+        class Config:
+            schema_extra = {
+                "x-something-internal": {"level": 4},
+            }
+
+
+@app.get("/foo", response_model=Item)
+def foo():
+    return {"name": "Foo item"}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+item_schema = {
+    "title": "Item",
+    "required": ["name"],
+    "type": "object",
+    "x-something-internal": {
+        "level": 4,
+    },
+    "properties": {
+        "name": {
+            "title": "Name",
+            "type": "string",
+        },
+        "description": {
+            "title": "Description",
+            "type": ["string", "null"] if PYDANTIC_V2 else "string",
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_custom_response_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json()["components"]["schemas"]["Item"] == item_schema
+
+
+def test_response():
+    # For coverage
+    response = client.get("/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "Foo item", "description": None}

tests/test_custom_swagger_ui_redirect.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url = "/docs/redirect"
+
+app = FastAPI(swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url=swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url)
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    return {"id": "foo"}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_swagger_ui():
+    response = client.get("/docs")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    assert "swagger-ui-dist" in response.text
+    print(client.base_url)
+    assert (
+        f"oauth2RedirectUrl: window.location.origin + '{swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url}'"
+        in response.text
+    )
+
+
+def test_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect():
+    response = client.get(swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    assert "window.opener.swaggerUIRedirectOauth2" in response.text
+
+
+def test_response():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.json() == {"id": "foo"}

tests/test_datastructures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import io
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile
+from fastapi.datastructures import Default
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+
+# TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+def test_upload_file_invalid():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        UploadFile.validate("not a Starlette UploadFile")
+
+
+def test_upload_file_invalid_pydantic_v2():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        UploadFile._validate("not a Starlette UploadFile", {})
+
+
+def test_default_placeholder_equals():
+    placeholder_1 = Default("a")
+    placeholder_2 = Default("a")
+    assert placeholder_1 == placeholder_2
+    assert placeholder_1.value == placeholder_2.value
+
+
+def test_default_placeholder_bool():
+    placeholder_a = Default("a")
+    placeholder_b = Default("")
+    assert placeholder_a
+    assert not placeholder_b
+
+
+def test_upload_file_is_closed(tmp_path: Path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    testing_file_store: List[UploadFile] = []
+
+    @app.post("/uploadfile/")
+    def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile):
+        testing_file_store.append(file)
+        return {"filename": file.filename}
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}
+
+    assert testing_file_store
+    assert testing_file_store[0].file.closed
+
+
+# For UploadFile coverage, segments copied from Starlette tests
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_upload_file():
+    stream = io.BytesIO(b"data")
+    file = UploadFile(filename="file", file=stream, size=4)
+    assert await file.read() == b"data"
+    assert file.size == 4
+    await file.write(b" and more data!")
+    assert await file.read() == b""
+    assert file.size == 19
+    await file.seek(0)
+    assert await file.read() == b"data and more data!"
+    await file.close()

tests/test_datetime_custom_encoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+from .utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_pydanticv2():
+    from pydantic import field_serializer
+
+    class ModelWithDatetimeField(BaseModel):
+        dt_field: datetime
+
+        @field_serializer("dt_field")
+        def serialize_datetime(self, dt_field: datetime):
+            return dt_field.replace(microsecond=0, tzinfo=timezone.utc).isoformat()
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+    model = ModelWithDatetimeField(dt_field=datetime(2019, 1, 1, 8))
+
+    @app.get("/model", response_model=ModelWithDatetimeField)
+    def get_model():
+        return model
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/model")
+    assert response.json() == {"dt_field": "2019-01-01T08:00:00+00:00"}
+
+
+# TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+@needs_pydanticv1
+def test_pydanticv1():
+    class ModelWithDatetimeField(BaseModel):
+        dt_field: datetime
+
+        class Config:
+            json_encoders = {
+                datetime: lambda dt: dt.replace(
+                    microsecond=0, tzinfo=timezone.utc
+                ).isoformat()
+            }
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+    model = ModelWithDatetimeField(dt_field=datetime(2019, 1, 1, 8))
+
+    @app.get("/model", response_model=ModelWithDatetimeField)
+    def get_model():
+        return model
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/model")
+    assert response.json() == {"dt_field": "2019-01-01T08:00:00+00:00"}

tests/test_default_response_class.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import orjson
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, PlainTextResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+
+class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
+    media_type = "application/x-orjson"
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        return orjson.dumps(content)
+
+
+class OverrideResponse(JSONResponse):
+    media_type = "application/x-override"
+
+
+app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
+router_a = APIRouter()
+router_a_a = APIRouter()
+router_a_b_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class
+router_b_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class
+router_b_a = APIRouter()
+router_b_a_c_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class again
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def get_root():
+    return {"msg": "Hello World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/override", response_class=PlainTextResponse)
+def get_path_override():
+    return "Hello World"
+
+
+@router_a.get("/")
+def get_a():
+    return {"msg": "Hello A"}
+
+
+@router_a.get("/override", response_class=PlainTextResponse)
+def get_a_path_override():
+    return "Hello A"
+
+
+@router_a_a.get("/")
+def get_a_a():
+    return {"msg": "Hello A A"}
+
+
+@router_a_a.get("/override", response_class=PlainTextResponse)
+def get_a_a_path_override():
+    return "Hello A A"
+
+
+@router_a_b_override.get("/")
+def get_a_b():
+    return "Hello A B"
+
+
+@router_a_b_override.get("/override", response_class=HTMLResponse)
+def get_a_b_path_override():
+    return "Hello A B"
+
+
+@router_b_override.get("/")
+def get_b():
+    return "Hello B"
+
+
+@router_b_override.get("/override", response_class=HTMLResponse)
+def get_b_path_override():
+    return "Hello B"
+
+
+@router_b_a.get("/")
+def get_b_a():
+    return "Hello B A"
+
+
+@router_b_a.get("/override", response_class=HTMLResponse)
+def get_b_a_path_override():
+    return "Hello B A"
+
+
+@router_b_a_c_override.get("/")
+def get_b_a_c():
+    return "Hello B A C"
+
+
+@router_b_a_c_override.get("/override", response_class=OverrideResponse)
+def get_b_a_c_path_override():
+    return {"msg": "Hello B A C"}
+
+
+router_b_a.include_router(
+    router_b_a_c_override, prefix="/c", default_response_class=HTMLResponse
+)
+router_b_override.include_router(router_b_a, prefix="/a")
+router_a.include_router(router_a_a, prefix="/a")
+router_a.include_router(
+    router_a_b_override, prefix="/b", default_response_class=PlainTextResponse
+)
+app.include_router(router_a, prefix="/a")
+app.include_router(
+    router_b_override, prefix="/b", default_response_class=PlainTextResponse
+)
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+orjson_type = "application/x-orjson"
+text_type = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
+html_type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+override_type = "application/x-override"
+
+
+def test_app():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World"}
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == orjson_type
+
+
+def test_app_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello World"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_a():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello A"}
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == orjson_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello A"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_a():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/a")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello A A"}
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == orjson_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_a_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/a/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello A A"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_b():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/b")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello A B"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_b_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/b/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello A B"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == html_type
+
+
+def test_router_b():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == html_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_a():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/a")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B A"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_a_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/a/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B A"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == html_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_a_c():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/a/c")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B A C"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == html_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_a_c_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/a/c/override")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello B A C"}
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == override_type

tests/test_default_response_class_router.py

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, PlainTextResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+
+class OverrideResponse(JSONResponse):
+    media_type = "application/x-override"
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+router_a = APIRouter()
+router_a_a = APIRouter()
+router_a_b_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class
+router_b_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class
+router_b_a = APIRouter()
+router_b_a_c_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class again
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def get_root():
+    return {"msg": "Hello World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/override", response_class=PlainTextResponse)
+def get_path_override():
+    return "Hello World"
+
+
+@router_a.get("/")
+def get_a():
+    return {"msg": "Hello A"}
+
+
+@router_a.get("/override", response_class=PlainTextResponse)
+def get_a_path_override():
+    return "Hello A"
+
+
+@router_a_a.get("/")
+def get_a_a():
+    return {"msg": "Hello A A"}
+
+
+@router_a_a.get("/override", response_class=PlainTextResponse)
+def get_a_a_path_override():
+    return "Hello A A"
+
+
+@router_a_b_override.get("/")
+def get_a_b():
+    return "Hello A B"
+
+
+@router_a_b_override.get("/override", response_class=HTMLResponse)
+def get_a_b_path_override():
+    return "Hello A B"
+
+
+@router_b_override.get("/")
+def get_b():
+    return "Hello B"
+
+
+@router_b_override.get("/override", response_class=HTMLResponse)
+def get_b_path_override():
+    return "Hello B"
+
+
+@router_b_a.get("/")
+def get_b_a():
+    return "Hello B A"
+
+
+@router_b_a.get("/override", response_class=HTMLResponse)
+def get_b_a_path_override():
+    return "Hello B A"
+
+
+@router_b_a_c_override.get("/")
+def get_b_a_c():
+    return "Hello B A C"
+
+
+@router_b_a_c_override.get("/override", response_class=OverrideResponse)
+def get_b_a_c_path_override():
+    return {"msg": "Hello B A C"}
+
+
+router_b_a.include_router(
+    router_b_a_c_override, prefix="/c", default_response_class=HTMLResponse
+)
+router_b_override.include_router(router_b_a, prefix="/a")
+router_a.include_router(router_a_a, prefix="/a")
+router_a.include_router(
+    router_a_b_override, prefix="/b", default_response_class=PlainTextResponse
+)
+app.include_router(router_a, prefix="/a")
+app.include_router(
+    router_b_override, prefix="/b", default_response_class=PlainTextResponse
+)
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+json_type = "application/json"
+text_type = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
+html_type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+override_type = "application/x-override"
+
+
+def test_app():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World"}
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == json_type
+
+
+def test_app_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello World"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_a():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello A"}
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == json_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello A"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_a():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/a")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello A A"}
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == json_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_a_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/a/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello A A"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_b():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/b")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello A B"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_a_b_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/a/b/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello A B"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == html_type
+
+
+def test_router_b():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == html_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_a():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/a")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B A"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == text_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_a_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/a/override")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B A"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == html_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_a_c():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/a/c")
+    assert response.content == b"Hello B A C"
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == html_type
+
+
+def test_router_b_a_c_override():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/b/a/c/override")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello B A C"}
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == override_type

tests/test_dependency_after_yield_raise.py

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+
+class CustomError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def catching_dep() -> Any:
+    try:
+        yield "s"
+    except CustomError as err:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=418, detail="Session error") from err
+
+
+def broken_dep() -> Any:
+    yield "s"
+    raise ValueError("Broken after yield")
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/catching")
+def catching(d: Annotated[str, Depends(catching_dep)]) -> Any:
+    raise CustomError("Simulated error during streaming")
+
+
+@app.get("/broken")
+def broken(d: Annotated[str, Depends(broken_dep)]) -> Any:
+    return {"message": "all good?"}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_catching():
+    response = client.get("/catching")
+    assert response.status_code == 418
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Session error"}
+
+
+def test_broken_raise():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Broken after yield"):
+        client.get("/broken")
+
+
+def test_broken_no_raise():
+    """
+    When a dependency with yield raises after the yield (not in an except), the
+    response is already "successfully" sent back to the client, but there's still
+    an error in the server afterwards, an exception is raised and captured or shown
+    in the server logs.
+    """
+    with TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False) as client:
+        response = client.get("/broken")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"message": "all good?"}
+
+
+def test_broken_return_finishes():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/broken")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "all good?"}

tests/test_dependency_after_yield_streaming.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import Any, Generator
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+
+class Session:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.data = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+        self.open = True
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        for item in self.data:
+            if self.open:
+                yield item
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Session closed")
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def acquire_session() -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
+    session = Session()
+    try:
+        yield session
+    finally:
+        session.open = False
+
+
+def dep_session() -> Any:
+    with acquire_session() as s:
+        yield s
+
+
+def broken_dep_session() -> Any:
+    with acquire_session() as s:
+        s.open = False
+        yield s
+
+
+SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(dep_session)]
+BrokenSessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(broken_dep_session)]
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/data")
+def get_data(session: SessionDep) -> Any:
+    data = list(session)
+    return data
+
+
+@app.get("/stream-simple")
+def get_stream_simple(session: SessionDep) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield from ["x", "y", "z"]
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+@app.get("/stream-session")
+def get_stream_session(session: SessionDep) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield from session
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+@app.get("/broken-session-data")
+def get_broken_session_data(session: BrokenSessionDep) -> Any:
+    return list(session)
+
+
+@app.get("/broken-session-stream")
+def get_broken_session_stream(session: BrokenSessionDep) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield from session
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_regular_no_stream():
+    response = client.get("/data")
+    assert response.json() == ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+
+
+def test_stream_simple():
+    response = client.get("/stream-simple")
+    assert response.text == "xyz"
+
+
+def test_stream_session():
+    response = client.get("/stream-session")
+    assert response.text == "foobarbaz"
+
+
+def test_broken_session_data():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Session closed"):
+        client.get("/broken-session-data")
+
+
+def test_broken_session_data_no_raise():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/broken-session-data")
+    assert response.status_code == 500
+    assert response.text == "Internal Server Error"
+
+
+def test_broken_session_stream_raise():
+    # Can raise ValueError on Pydantic v2 and ExceptionGroup on Pydantic v1
+    with pytest.raises((ValueError, Exception)):
+        client.get("/broken-session-stream")
+
+
+def test_broken_session_stream_no_raise():
+    """
+    When a dependency with yield raises after the streaming response already started
+    the 200 status code is already sent, but there's still an error in the server
+    afterwards, an exception is raised and captured or shown in the server logs.
+    """
+    with TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False) as client:
+        response = client.get("/broken-session-stream")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.text == ""

tests/test_dependency_after_yield_websockets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import Any, Generator
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, WebSocket
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+
+class Session:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.data = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+        self.open = True
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        for item in self.data:
+            if self.open:
+                yield item
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Session closed")
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def acquire_session() -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
+    session = Session()
+    try:
+        yield session
+    finally:
+        session.open = False
+
+
+def dep_session() -> Any:
+    with acquire_session() as s:
+        yield s
+
+
+def broken_dep_session() -> Any:
+    with acquire_session() as s:
+        s.open = False
+        yield s
+
+
+SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(dep_session)]
+BrokenSessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(broken_dep_session)]
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.websocket("/ws")
+async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket, session: SessionDep):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    for item in session:
+        await websocket.send_text(f"{item}")
+
+
+@app.websocket("/ws-broken")
+async def websocket_endpoint_broken(websocket: WebSocket, session: BrokenSessionDep):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    for item in session:
+        await websocket.send_text(f"{item}")  # pragma no cover
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_websocket_dependency_after_yield():
+    with client.websocket_connect("/ws") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_text()
+        assert data == "foo"
+        data = websocket.receive_text()
+        assert data == "bar"
+        data = websocket.receive_text()
+        assert data == "baz"
+
+
+def test_websocket_dependency_after_yield_broken():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Session closed"):
+        with client.websocket_connect("/ws-broken"):
+            pass  # pragma no cover

tests/test_dependency_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+counter_holder = {"counter": 0}
+
+
+async def dep_counter():
+    counter_holder["counter"] += 1
+    return counter_holder["counter"]
+
+
+async def super_dep(count: int = Depends(dep_counter)):
+    return count
+
+
+@app.get("/counter/")
+async def get_counter(count: int = Depends(dep_counter)):
+    return {"counter": count}
+
+
+@app.get("/sub-counter/")
+async def get_sub_counter(
+    subcount: int = Depends(super_dep), count: int = Depends(dep_counter)
+):
+    return {"counter": count, "subcounter": subcount}
+
+
+@app.get("/sub-counter-no-cache/")
+async def get_sub_counter_no_cache(
+    subcount: int = Depends(super_dep),
+    count: int = Depends(dep_counter, use_cache=False),
+):
+    return {"counter": count, "subcounter": subcount}
+
+
+@app.get("/scope-counter")
+async def get_scope_counter(
+    count: int = Security(dep_counter),
+    scope_count_1: int = Security(dep_counter, scopes=["scope"]),
+    scope_count_2: int = Security(dep_counter, scopes=["scope"]),
+):
+    return {
+        "counter": count,
+        "scope_counter_1": scope_count_1,
+        "scope_counter_2": scope_count_2,
+    }
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_normal_counter():
+    counter_holder["counter"] = 0
+    response = client.get("/counter/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"counter": 1}
+    response = client.get("/counter/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"counter": 2}
+
+
+def test_sub_counter():
+    counter_holder["counter"] = 0
+    response = client.get("/sub-counter/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"counter": 1, "subcounter": 1}
+    response = client.get("/sub-counter/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"counter": 2, "subcounter": 2}
+
+
+def test_sub_counter_no_cache():
+    counter_holder["counter"] = 0
+    response = client.get("/sub-counter-no-cache/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"counter": 2, "subcounter": 1}
+    response = client.get("/sub-counter-no-cache/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"counter": 4, "subcounter": 3}
+
+
+def test_security_cache():
+    counter_holder["counter"] = 0
+    response = client.get("/scope-counter/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"counter": 1, "scope_counter_1": 2, "scope_counter_2": 2}
+    response = client.get("/scope-counter/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"counter": 3, "scope_counter_1": 4, "scope_counter_2": 4}

tests/test_dependency_class.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Generator
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class CallableDependency:
+    def __call__(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+
+class CallableGenDependency:
+    def __call__(self, value: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        yield value
+
+
+class AsyncCallableDependency:
+    async def __call__(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+
+class AsyncCallableGenDependency:
+    async def __call__(self, value: str) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+        yield value
+
+
+class MethodsDependency:
+    def synchronous(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+    async def asynchronous(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+    def synchronous_gen(self, value: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        yield value
+
+    async def asynchronous_gen(self, value: str) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+        yield value
+
+
+callable_dependency = CallableDependency()
+callable_gen_dependency = CallableGenDependency()
+async_callable_dependency = AsyncCallableDependency()
+async_callable_gen_dependency = AsyncCallableGenDependency()
+methods_dependency = MethodsDependency()
+
+
+@app.get("/callable-dependency-class")
+async def get_callable_dependency_class(
+    value: str, instance: CallableDependency = Depends()
+):
+    return instance(value)
+
+
+@app.get("/callable-gen-dependency-class")
+async def get_callable_gen_dependency_class(
+    value: str, instance: CallableGenDependency = Depends()
+):
+    return next(instance(value))
+
+
+@app.get("/async-callable-dependency-class")
+async def get_async_callable_dependency_class(
+    value: str, instance: AsyncCallableDependency = Depends()
+):
+    return await instance(value)
+
+
+@app.get("/async-callable-gen-dependency-class")
+async def get_async_callable_gen_dependency_class(
+    value: str, instance: AsyncCallableGenDependency = Depends()
+):
+    return await instance(value).__anext__()
+
+
+@app.get("/callable-dependency")
+async def get_callable_dependency(value: str = Depends(callable_dependency)):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/callable-gen-dependency")
+async def get_callable_gen_dependency(value: str = Depends(callable_gen_dependency)):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/async-callable-dependency")
+async def get_async_callable_dependency(
+    value: str = Depends(async_callable_dependency),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/async-callable-gen-dependency")
+async def get_async_callable_gen_dependency(
+    value: str = Depends(async_callable_gen_dependency),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/synchronous-method-dependency")
+async def get_synchronous_method_dependency(
+    value: str = Depends(methods_dependency.synchronous),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/synchronous-method-gen-dependency")
+async def get_synchronous_method_gen_dependency(
+    value: str = Depends(methods_dependency.synchronous_gen),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/asynchronous-method-dependency")
+async def get_asynchronous_method_dependency(
+    value: str = Depends(methods_dependency.asynchronous),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/asynchronous-method-gen-dependency")
+async def get_asynchronous_method_gen_dependency(
+    value: str = Depends(methods_dependency.asynchronous_gen),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "route,value",
+    [
+        ("/callable-dependency", "callable-dependency"),
+        ("/callable-gen-dependency", "callable-gen-dependency"),
+        ("/async-callable-dependency", "async-callable-dependency"),
+        ("/async-callable-gen-dependency", "async-callable-gen-dependency"),
+        ("/synchronous-method-dependency", "synchronous-method-dependency"),
+        ("/synchronous-method-gen-dependency", "synchronous-method-gen-dependency"),
+        ("/asynchronous-method-dependency", "asynchronous-method-dependency"),
+        ("/asynchronous-method-gen-dependency", "asynchronous-method-gen-dependency"),
+        ("/callable-dependency-class", "callable-dependency-class"),
+        ("/callable-gen-dependency-class", "callable-gen-dependency-class"),
+        ("/async-callable-dependency-class", "async-callable-dependency-class"),
+        ("/async-callable-gen-dependency-class", "async-callable-gen-dependency-class"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_class_dependency(route, value):
+    response = client.get(route, params={"value": value})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == value

tests/test_dependency_contextmanager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+import json
+from typing import Dict
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+state = {
+    "/async": "asyncgen not started",
+    "/sync": "generator not started",
+    "/async_raise": "asyncgen raise not started",
+    "/sync_raise": "generator raise not started",
+    "context_a": "not started a",
+    "context_b": "not started b",
+    "bg": "not set",
+    "sync_bg": "not set",
+}
+
+errors = []
+
+
+async def get_state():
+    return state
+
+
+class AsyncDependencyError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class SyncDependencyError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class OtherDependencyError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+async def asyncgen_state(state: Dict[str, str] = Depends(get_state)):
+    state["/async"] = "asyncgen started"
+    yield state["/async"]
+    state["/async"] = "asyncgen completed"
+
+
+def generator_state(state: Dict[str, str] = Depends(get_state)):
+    state["/sync"] = "generator started"
+    yield state["/sync"]
+    state["/sync"] = "generator completed"
+
+
+async def asyncgen_state_try(state: Dict[str, str] = Depends(get_state)):
+    state["/async_raise"] = "asyncgen raise started"
+    try:
+        yield state["/async_raise"]
+    except AsyncDependencyError:
+        errors.append("/async_raise")
+        raise
+    finally:
+        state["/async_raise"] = "asyncgen raise finalized"
+
+
+def generator_state_try(state: Dict[str, str] = Depends(get_state)):
+    state["/sync_raise"] = "generator raise started"
+    try:
+        yield state["/sync_raise"]
+    except SyncDependencyError:
+        errors.append("/sync_raise")
+        raise
+    finally:
+        state["/sync_raise"] = "generator raise finalized"
+
+
+async def context_a(state: dict = Depends(get_state)):
+    state["context_a"] = "started a"
+    try:
+        yield state
+    finally:
+        state["context_a"] = "finished a"
+
+
+async def context_b(state: dict = Depends(context_a)):
+    state["context_b"] = "started b"
+    try:
+        yield state
+    finally:
+        state["context_b"] = f"finished b with a: {state['context_a']}"
+
+
+@app.get("/async")
+async def get_async(state: str = Depends(asyncgen_state)):
+    return state
+
+
+@app.get("/sync")
+async def get_sync(state: str = Depends(generator_state)):
+    return state
+
+
+@app.get("/async_raise")
+async def get_async_raise(state: str = Depends(asyncgen_state_try)):
+    assert state == "asyncgen raise started"
+    raise AsyncDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_raise")
+async def get_sync_raise(state: str = Depends(generator_state_try)):
+    assert state == "generator raise started"
+    raise SyncDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/async_raise_other")
+async def get_async_raise_other(state: str = Depends(asyncgen_state_try)):
+    assert state == "asyncgen raise started"
+    raise OtherDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_raise_other")
+async def get_sync_raise_other(state: str = Depends(generator_state_try)):
+    assert state == "generator raise started"
+    raise OtherDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/context_b")
+async def get_context_b(state: dict = Depends(context_b)):
+    return state
+
+
+@app.get("/context_b_raise")
+async def get_context_b_raise(state: dict = Depends(context_b)):
+    assert state["context_b"] == "started b"
+    assert state["context_a"] == "started a"
+    raise OtherDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/context_b_bg")
+async def get_context_b_bg(tasks: BackgroundTasks, state: dict = Depends(context_b)):
+    async def bg(state: dict):
+        state["bg"] = f"bg set - b: {state['context_b']} - a: {state['context_a']}"
+
+    tasks.add_task(bg, state)
+    return state
+
+
+# Sync versions
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_async")
+def get_sync_async(state: str = Depends(asyncgen_state)):
+    return state
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_sync")
+def get_sync_sync(state: str = Depends(generator_state)):
+    return state
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_async_raise")
+def get_sync_async_raise(state: str = Depends(asyncgen_state_try)):
+    assert state == "asyncgen raise started"
+    raise AsyncDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_sync_raise")
+def get_sync_sync_raise(state: str = Depends(generator_state_try)):
+    assert state == "generator raise started"
+    raise SyncDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_async_raise_other")
+def get_sync_async_raise_other(state: str = Depends(asyncgen_state_try)):
+    assert state == "asyncgen raise started"
+    raise OtherDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_sync_raise_other")
+def get_sync_sync_raise_other(state: str = Depends(generator_state_try)):
+    assert state == "generator raise started"
+    raise OtherDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_context_b")
+def get_sync_context_b(state: dict = Depends(context_b)):
+    return state
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_context_b_raise")
+def get_sync_context_b_raise(state: dict = Depends(context_b)):
+    assert state["context_b"] == "started b"
+    assert state["context_a"] == "started a"
+    raise OtherDependencyError()
+
+
+@app.get("/sync_context_b_bg")
+async def get_sync_context_b_bg(
+    tasks: BackgroundTasks, state: dict = Depends(context_b)
+):
+    async def bg(state: dict):
+        state["sync_bg"] = (
+            f"sync_bg set - b: {state['context_b']} - a: {state['context_a']}"
+        )
+
+    tasks.add_task(bg, state)
+    return state
+
+
+@app.middleware("http")
+async def middleware(request, call_next):
+    response: StreamingResponse = await call_next(request)
+    response.headers["x-state"] = json.dumps(state.copy())
+    return response
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_async_state():
+    assert state["/async"] == "asyncgen not started"
+    response = client.get("/async")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "asyncgen started"
+    assert state["/async"] == "asyncgen completed"
+
+
+def test_sync_state():
+    assert state["/sync"] == "generator not started"
+    response = client.get("/sync")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "generator started"
+    assert state["/sync"] == "generator completed"
+
+
+def test_async_raise_other():
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise not started"
+    with pytest.raises(OtherDependencyError):
+        client.get("/async_raise_other")
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" not in errors
+
+
+def test_sync_raise_other():
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise not started"
+    with pytest.raises(OtherDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_raise_other")
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" not in errors
+
+
+def test_async_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/async_raise")
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_async_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/async_raise")
+    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_context_b():
+    response = client.get("/context_b")
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["context_b"] == "started b"
+    assert data["context_a"] == "started a"
+    assert state["context_b"] == "finished b with a: started a"
+    assert state["context_a"] == "finished a"
+
+
+def test_context_b_raise():
+    with pytest.raises(OtherDependencyError):
+        client.get("/context_b_raise")
+    assert state["context_b"] == "finished b with a: started a"
+    assert state["context_a"] == "finished a"
+
+
+def test_background_tasks():
+    response = client.get("/context_b_bg")
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["context_b"] == "started b"
+    assert data["context_a"] == "started a"
+    assert data["bg"] == "not set"
+    middleware_state = json.loads(response.headers["x-state"])
+    assert middleware_state["context_b"] == "started b"
+    assert middleware_state["context_a"] == "started a"
+    assert middleware_state["bg"] == "not set"
+    assert state["context_b"] == "finished b with a: started a"
+    assert state["context_a"] == "finished a"
+    assert state["bg"] == "bg set - b: started b - a: started a"
+
+
+def test_sync_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(SyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_raise")
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/sync_raise")
+    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_async_state():
+    response = client.get("/sync_async")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "asyncgen started"
+    assert state["/async"] == "asyncgen completed"
+
+
+def test_sync_sync_state():
+    response = client.get("/sync_sync")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "generator started"
+    assert state["/sync"] == "generator completed"
+
+
+def test_sync_async_raise_other():
+    with pytest.raises(OtherDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_async_raise_other")
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" not in errors
+
+
+def test_sync_sync_raise_other():
+    with pytest.raises(OtherDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_sync_raise_other")
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" not in errors
+
+
+def test_sync_async_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_async_raise")
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_async_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/sync_async_raise")
+    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_sync_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(SyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_sync_raise")
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_sync_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/sync_sync_raise")
+    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_context_b():
+    response = client.get("/sync_context_b")
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["context_b"] == "started b"
+    assert data["context_a"] == "started a"
+    assert state["context_b"] == "finished b with a: started a"
+    assert state["context_a"] == "finished a"
+
+
+def test_sync_context_b_raise():
+    with pytest.raises(OtherDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_context_b_raise")
+    assert state["context_b"] == "finished b with a: started a"
+    assert state["context_a"] == "finished a"
+
+
+def test_sync_background_tasks():
+    response = client.get("/sync_context_b_bg")
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["context_b"] == "started b"
+    assert data["context_a"] == "started a"
+    assert data["sync_bg"] == "not set"
+    assert state["context_b"] == "finished b with a: started a"
+    assert state["context_a"] == "finished a"
+    assert state["sync_bg"] == "sync_bg set - b: started b - a: started a"

tests/test_dependency_contextvars.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, Optional
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Request, Response
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+legacy_request_state_context_var: ContextVar[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]] = ContextVar(
+    "legacy_request_state_context_var", default=None
+)
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def set_up_request_state_dependency():
+    request_state = {"user": "deadpond"}
+    contextvar_token = legacy_request_state_context_var.set(request_state)
+    yield request_state
+    legacy_request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token)
+
+
+@app.middleware("http")
+async def custom_middleware(
+    request: Request, call_next: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]
+):
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    response.headers["custom"] = "foo"
+    return response
+
+
+@app.get("/user", dependencies=[Depends(set_up_request_state_dependency)])
+def get_user():
+    request_state = legacy_request_state_context_var.get()
+    assert request_state
+    return request_state["user"]
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_dependency_contextvars():
+    """
+    Check that custom middlewares don't affect the contextvar context for dependencies.
+
+    The code before yield and the code after yield should be run in the same contextvar
+    context, so that request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token).
+
+    If they are run in a different context, that raises an error.
+    """
+    response = client.get("/user")
+    assert response.json() == "deadpond"
+    assert response.headers["custom"] == "foo"

tests/test_dependency_duplicates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    data: str
+
+
+def duplicate_dependency(item: Item):
+    return item
+
+
+def dependency(item2: Item):
+    return item2
+
+
+def sub_duplicate_dependency(
+    item: Item, sub_item: Item = Depends(duplicate_dependency)
+):
+    return [item, sub_item]
+
+
+@app.post("/with-duplicates")
+async def with_duplicates(item: Item, item2: Item = Depends(duplicate_dependency)):
+    return [item, item2]
+
+
+@app.post("/no-duplicates")
+async def no_duplicates(item: Item, item2: Item = Depends(dependency)):
+    return [item, item2]
+
+
+@app.post("/with-duplicates-sub")
+async def no_duplicates_sub(
+    item: Item, sub_items: List[Item] = Depends(sub_duplicate_dependency)
+):
+    return [item, sub_items]
+
+
+def test_no_duplicates_invalid():
+    response = client.post("/no-duplicates", json={"item": {"data": "myitem"}})
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["body", "item2"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["body", "item2"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_no_duplicates():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/no-duplicates",
+        json={"item": {"data": "myitem"}, "item2": {"data": "myitem2"}},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [{"data": "myitem"}, {"data": "myitem2"}]
+
+
+def test_duplicates():
+    response = client.post("/with-duplicates", json={"data": "myitem"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [{"data": "myitem"}, {"data": "myitem"}]
+
+
+def test_sub_duplicates():
+    response = client.post("/with-duplicates-sub", json={"data": "myitem"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [
+        {"data": "myitem"},
+        [{"data": "myitem"}, {"data": "myitem"}],
+    ]
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/with-duplicates": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "With Duplicates",
+                    "operationId": "with_duplicates_with_duplicates_post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/no-duplicates": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "No Duplicates",
+                    "operationId": "no_duplicates_no_duplicates_post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_no_duplicates_no_duplicates_post"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/with-duplicates-sub": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "No Duplicates Sub",
+                    "operationId": "no_duplicates_sub_with_duplicates_sub_post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Body_no_duplicates_no_duplicates_post": {
+                    "title": "Body_no_duplicates_no_duplicates_post",
+                    "required": ["item", "item2"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "item": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
+                        "item2": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "Item": {
+                    "title": "Item",
+                    "required": ["data"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"data": {"title": "Data", "type": "string"}},
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_dependency_overrides.py

@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+import pytest
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+async def common_parameters(q: str, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
+    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
+
+
+@app.get("/main-depends/")
+async def main_depends(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
+    return {"in": "main-depends", "params": commons}
+
+
+@app.get("/decorator-depends/", dependencies=[Depends(common_parameters)])
+async def decorator_depends():
+    return {"in": "decorator-depends"}
+
+
+@router.get("/router-depends/")
+async def router_depends(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
+    return {"in": "router-depends", "params": commons}
+
+
+@router.get("/router-decorator-depends/", dependencies=[Depends(common_parameters)])
+async def router_decorator_depends():
+    return {"in": "router-decorator-depends"}
+
+
+app.include_router(router)
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+async def overrider_dependency_simple(q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}
+
+
+async def overrider_sub_dependency(k: str):
+    return {"k": k}
+
+
+async def overrider_dependency_with_sub(msg: dict = Depends(overrider_sub_dependency)):
+    return msg
+
+
+def test_main_depends():
+    response = client.get("/main-depends/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "q"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "q"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_main_depends_q_foo():
+    response = client.get("/main-depends/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "in": "main-depends",
+        "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 0, "limit": 100},
+    }
+
+
+def test_main_depends_q_foo_skip_100_limit_200():
+    response = client.get("/main-depends/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "in": "main-depends",
+        "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 100, "limit": 200},
+    }
+
+
+def test_decorator_depends():
+    response = client.get("/decorator-depends/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "q"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "q"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_decorator_depends_q_foo():
+    response = client.get("/decorator-depends/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"in": "decorator-depends"}
+
+
+def test_decorator_depends_q_foo_skip_100_limit_200():
+    response = client.get("/decorator-depends/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"in": "decorator-depends"}
+
+
+def test_router_depends():
+    response = client.get("/router-depends/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "q"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "q"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_router_depends_q_foo():
+    response = client.get("/router-depends/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "in": "router-depends",
+        "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 0, "limit": 100},
+    }
+
+
+def test_router_depends_q_foo_skip_100_limit_200():
+    response = client.get("/router-depends/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "in": "router-depends",
+        "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 100, "limit": 200},
+    }
+
+
+def test_router_decorator_depends():
+    response = client.get("/router-decorator-depends/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "q"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "q"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_router_decorator_depends_q_foo():
+    response = client.get("/router-decorator-depends/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"in": "router-decorator-depends"}
+
+
+def test_router_decorator_depends_q_foo_skip_100_limit_200():
+    response = client.get("/router-decorator-depends/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"in": "router-decorator-depends"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "url,status_code,expected",
+    [
+        (
+            "/main-depends/",
+            200,
+            {"in": "main-depends", "params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/main-depends/?q=foo",
+            200,
+            {"in": "main-depends", "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/main-depends/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200",
+            200,
+            {"in": "main-depends", "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}},
+        ),
+        ("/decorator-depends/", 200, {"in": "decorator-depends"}),
+        (
+            "/router-depends/",
+            200,
+            {"in": "router-depends", "params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/router-depends/?q=foo",
+            200,
+            {"in": "router-depends", "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/router-depends/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200",
+            200,
+            {"in": "router-depends", "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}},
+        ),
+        ("/router-decorator-depends/", 200, {"in": "router-decorator-depends"}),
+    ],
+)
+def test_override_simple(url, status_code, expected):
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_simple
+    response = client.get(url)
+    assert response.status_code == status_code
+    assert response.json() == expected
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_main_depends():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/main-depends/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub__main_depends_q_foo():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/main-depends/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_main_depends_k_bar():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/main-depends/?k=bar")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"in": "main-depends", "params": {"k": "bar"}}
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_decorator_depends():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/decorator-depends/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_decorator_depends_q_foo():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/decorator-depends/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_decorator_depends_k_bar():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/decorator-depends/?k=bar")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"in": "decorator-depends"}
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_router_depends():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/router-depends/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_router_depends_q_foo():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/router-depends/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_router_depends_k_bar():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/router-depends/?k=bar")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"in": "router-depends", "params": {"k": "bar"}}
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_router_decorator_depends():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/router-decorator-depends/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_router_decorator_depends_q_foo():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/router-decorator-depends/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": None,
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "k"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_with_sub_router_decorator_depends_k_bar():
+    app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = overrider_dependency_with_sub
+    response = client.get("/router-decorator-depends/?k=bar")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"in": "router-decorator-depends"}
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}

tests/test_dependency_paramless.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Security
+from fastapi.security import (
+    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
+    SecurityScopes,
+)
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
+
+
+def process_auth(
+    credentials: Annotated[Union[str, None], Security(oauth2_scheme)],
+    security_scopes: SecurityScopes,
+):
+    # This is an incorrect way of using it, this is not checking if the scopes are
+    # provided by the token, only if the endpoint is requesting them, but the test
+    # here is just to check if FastAPI is indeed registering and passing the scopes
+    # correctly when using Security with parameterless dependencies.
+    if "a" not in security_scopes.scopes or "b" not in security_scopes.scopes:
+        raise HTTPException(detail="a or b not in scopes", status_code=401)
+    return {"token": credentials, "scopes": security_scopes.scopes}
+
+
+@app.get("/get-credentials")
+def get_credentials(
+    credentials: Annotated[dict, Security(process_auth, scopes=["a", "b"])],
+):
+    return credentials
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/parameterless-with-scopes",
+    dependencies=[Security(process_auth, scopes=["a", "b"])],
+)
+def get_parameterless_with_scopes():
+    return {"status": "ok"}
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/parameterless-without-scopes",
+    dependencies=[Security(process_auth)],
+)
+def get_parameterless_without_scopes():
+    return {"status": "ok"}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_get_credentials():
+    response = client.get("/get-credentials", headers={"authorization": "Bearer token"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"token": "token", "scopes": ["a", "b"]}
+
+
+def test_parameterless_with_scopes():
+    response = client.get(
+        "/parameterless-with-scopes", headers={"authorization": "Bearer token"}
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"status": "ok"}
+
+
+def test_parameterless_without_scopes():
+    response = client.get(
+        "/parameterless-without-scopes", headers={"authorization": "Bearer token"}
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "a or b not in scopes"}
+
+
+def test_call_get_parameterless_without_scopes_for_coverage():
+    assert get_parameterless_without_scopes() == {"status": "ok"}

tests/test_dependency_partial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+from functools import partial
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Generator
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def function_dependency(value: str) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+async def async_function_dependency(value: str) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+def gen_dependency(value: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    yield value
+
+
+async def async_gen_dependency(value: str) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+    yield value
+
+
+class CallableDependency:
+    def __call__(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+
+class CallableGenDependency:
+    def __call__(self, value: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        yield value
+
+
+class AsyncCallableDependency:
+    async def __call__(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+
+class AsyncCallableGenDependency:
+    async def __call__(self, value: str) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+        yield value
+
+
+class MethodsDependency:
+    def synchronous(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+    async def asynchronous(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+    def synchronous_gen(self, value: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        yield value
+
+    async def asynchronous_gen(self, value: str) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+        yield value
+
+
+callable_dependency = CallableDependency()
+callable_gen_dependency = CallableGenDependency()
+async_callable_dependency = AsyncCallableDependency()
+async_callable_gen_dependency = AsyncCallableGenDependency()
+methods_dependency = MethodsDependency()
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-function-dependency")
+async def get_partial_function_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str, Depends(partial(function_dependency, "partial-function-dependency"))
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-async-function-dependency")
+async def get_partial_async_function_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Depends(
+            partial(async_function_dependency, "partial-async-function-dependency")
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-gen-dependency")
+async def get_partial_gen_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[str, Depends(partial(gen_dependency, "partial-gen-dependency"))],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-async-gen-dependency")
+async def get_partial_async_gen_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str, Depends(partial(async_gen_dependency, "partial-async-gen-dependency"))
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-callable-dependency")
+async def get_partial_callable_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str, Depends(partial(callable_dependency, "partial-callable-dependency"))
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-callable-gen-dependency")
+async def get_partial_callable_gen_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Depends(partial(callable_gen_dependency, "partial-callable-gen-dependency")),
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-async-callable-dependency")
+async def get_partial_async_callable_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Depends(
+            partial(async_callable_dependency, "partial-async-callable-dependency")
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-async-callable-gen-dependency")
+async def get_partial_async_callable_gen_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Depends(
+            partial(
+                async_callable_gen_dependency, "partial-async-callable-gen-dependency"
+            )
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-synchronous-method-dependency")
+async def get_partial_synchronous_method_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Depends(
+            partial(
+                methods_dependency.synchronous, "partial-synchronous-method-dependency"
+            )
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-synchronous-method-gen-dependency")
+async def get_partial_synchronous_method_gen_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Depends(
+            partial(
+                methods_dependency.synchronous_gen,
+                "partial-synchronous-method-gen-dependency",
+            )
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-asynchronous-method-dependency")
+async def get_partial_asynchronous_method_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Depends(
+            partial(
+                methods_dependency.asynchronous,
+                "partial-asynchronous-method-dependency",
+            )
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/partial-asynchronous-method-gen-dependency")
+async def get_partial_asynchronous_method_gen_dependency(
+    value: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Depends(
+            partial(
+                methods_dependency.asynchronous_gen,
+                "partial-asynchronous-method-gen-dependency",
+            )
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> str:
+    return value
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "route,value",
+    [
+        ("/partial-function-dependency", "partial-function-dependency"),
+        (
+            "/partial-async-function-dependency",
+            "partial-async-function-dependency",
+        ),
+        ("/partial-gen-dependency", "partial-gen-dependency"),
+        ("/partial-async-gen-dependency", "partial-async-gen-dependency"),
+        ("/partial-callable-dependency", "partial-callable-dependency"),
+        ("/partial-callable-gen-dependency", "partial-callable-gen-dependency"),
+        ("/partial-async-callable-dependency", "partial-async-callable-dependency"),
+        (
+            "/partial-async-callable-gen-dependency",
+            "partial-async-callable-gen-dependency",
+        ),
+        (
+            "/partial-synchronous-method-dependency",
+            "partial-synchronous-method-dependency",
+        ),
+        (
+            "/partial-synchronous-method-gen-dependency",
+            "partial-synchronous-method-gen-dependency",
+        ),
+        (
+            "/partial-asynchronous-method-dependency",
+            "partial-asynchronous-method-dependency",
+        ),
+        (
+            "/partial-asynchronous-method-gen-dependency",
+            "partial-asynchronous-method-gen-dependency",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_dependency_types_with_partial(route: str, value: str) -> None:
+    response = client.get(route)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == value

tests/test_dependency_security_overrides.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi.security import SecurityScopes
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def get_user(required_scopes: SecurityScopes):
+    return "john", required_scopes.scopes
+
+
+def get_user_override(required_scopes: SecurityScopes):
+    return "alice", required_scopes.scopes
+
+
+def get_data():
+    return [1, 2, 3]
+
+
+def get_data_override():
+    return [3, 4, 5]
+
+
+@app.get("/user")
+def read_user(
+    user_data: Tuple[str, List[str]] = Security(get_user, scopes=["foo", "bar"]),
+    data: List[int] = Depends(get_data),
+):
+    return {"user": user_data[0], "scopes": user_data[1], "data": data}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_normal():
+    response = client.get("/user")
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "user": "john",
+        "scopes": ["foo", "bar"],
+        "data": [1, 2, 3],
+    }
+
+
+def test_override_data():
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_data] = get_data_override
+    response = client.get("/user")
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "user": "john",
+        "scopes": ["foo", "bar"],
+        "data": [3, 4, 5],
+    }
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}
+
+
+def test_override_security():
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_user] = get_user_override
+    response = client.get("/user")
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "user": "alice",
+        "scopes": ["foo", "bar"],
+        "data": [1, 2, 3],
+    }
+    app.dependency_overrides = {}

tests/test_dependency_wrapped.py

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+import inspect
+import sys
+from functools import wraps
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Generator
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool, run_in_threadpool
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+    from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+
+
+def noop_wrap(func):
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def noop_wrap_async(func):
+    if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(func):
+
+        @wraps(func)
+        async def gen_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            async for item in iterate_in_threadpool(func(*args, **kwargs)):
+                yield item
+
+        return gen_wrapper
+
+    elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(func):
+
+        @wraps(func)
+        async def async_gen_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            async for item in func(*args, **kwargs):
+                yield item
+
+        return async_gen_wrapper
+
+    @wraps(func)
+    async def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        if inspect.isroutine(func) and iscoroutinefunction(func):
+            return await func(*args, **kwargs)
+        if inspect.isclass(func):
+            return await run_in_threadpool(func, *args, **kwargs)
+        dunder_call = getattr(func, "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if iscoroutinefunction(dunder_call):
+            return await dunder_call(*args, **kwargs)
+        return await run_in_threadpool(func, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class ClassInstanceDep:
+    def __call__(self):
+        return True
+
+
+class_instance_dep = ClassInstanceDep()
+wrapped_class_instance_dep = noop_wrap(class_instance_dep)
+wrapped_class_instance_dep_async_wrapper = noop_wrap_async(class_instance_dep)
+
+
+class ClassInstanceGenDep:
+    def __call__(self):
+        yield True
+
+
+class_instance_gen_dep = ClassInstanceGenDep()
+wrapped_class_instance_gen_dep = noop_wrap(class_instance_gen_dep)
+
+
+class ClassInstanceWrappedDep:
+    @noop_wrap
+    def __call__(self):
+        return True
+
+
+class_instance_wrapped_dep = ClassInstanceWrappedDep()
+
+
+class ClassInstanceWrappedAsyncDep:
+    @noop_wrap_async
+    def __call__(self):
+        return True
+
+
+class_instance_wrapped_async_dep = ClassInstanceWrappedAsyncDep()
+
+
+class ClassInstanceWrappedGenDep:
+    @noop_wrap
+    def __call__(self):
+        yield True
+
+
+class_instance_wrapped_gen_dep = ClassInstanceWrappedGenDep()
+
+
+class ClassInstanceWrappedAsyncGenDep:
+    @noop_wrap_async
+    def __call__(self):
+        yield True
+
+
+class_instance_wrapped_async_gen_dep = ClassInstanceWrappedAsyncGenDep()
+
+
+class ClassDep:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.value = True
+
+
+wrapped_class_dep = noop_wrap(ClassDep)
+wrapped_class_dep_async_wrapper = noop_wrap_async(ClassDep)
+
+
+class ClassInstanceAsyncDep:
+    async def __call__(self):
+        return True
+
+
+class_instance_async_dep = ClassInstanceAsyncDep()
+wrapped_class_instance_async_dep = noop_wrap(class_instance_async_dep)
+wrapped_class_instance_async_dep_async_wrapper = noop_wrap_async(
+    class_instance_async_dep
+)
+
+
+class ClassInstanceAsyncGenDep:
+    async def __call__(self):
+        yield True
+
+
+class_instance_async_gen_dep = ClassInstanceAsyncGenDep()
+wrapped_class_instance_async_gen_dep = noop_wrap(class_instance_async_gen_dep)
+
+
+class ClassInstanceAsyncWrappedDep:
+    @noop_wrap
+    async def __call__(self):
+        return True
+
+
+class_instance_async_wrapped_dep = ClassInstanceAsyncWrappedDep()
+
+
+class ClassInstanceAsyncWrappedAsyncDep:
+    @noop_wrap_async
+    async def __call__(self):
+        return True
+
+
+class_instance_async_wrapped_async_dep = ClassInstanceAsyncWrappedAsyncDep()
+
+
+class ClassInstanceAsyncWrappedGenDep:
+    @noop_wrap
+    async def __call__(self):
+        yield True
+
+
+class_instance_async_wrapped_gen_dep = ClassInstanceAsyncWrappedGenDep()
+
+
+class ClassInstanceAsyncWrappedGenAsyncDep:
+    @noop_wrap_async
+    async def __call__(self):
+        yield True
+
+
+class_instance_async_wrapped_gen_async_dep = ClassInstanceAsyncWrappedGenAsyncDep()
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+# Sync wrapper
+
+
+@noop_wrap
+def wrapped_dependency() -> bool:
+    return True
+
+
+@noop_wrap
+def wrapped_gen_dependency() -> Generator[bool, None, None]:
+    yield True
+
+
+@noop_wrap
+async def async_wrapped_dependency() -> bool:
+    return True
+
+
+@noop_wrap
+async def async_wrapped_gen_dependency() -> AsyncGenerator[bool, None]:
+    yield True
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-dependency/")
+async def get_wrapped_dependency(value: bool = Depends(wrapped_dependency)):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-gen-dependency/")
+async def get_wrapped_gen_dependency(value: bool = Depends(wrapped_gen_dependency)):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/async-wrapped-dependency/")
+async def get_async_wrapped_dependency(value: bool = Depends(async_wrapped_dependency)):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/async-wrapped-gen-dependency/")
+async def get_async_wrapped_gen_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(async_wrapped_gen_dependency),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-class-instance-dependency/")
+async def get_wrapped_class_instance_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(wrapped_class_instance_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-class-instance-async-dependency/")
+async def get_wrapped_class_instance_async_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(wrapped_class_instance_async_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-class-instance-gen-dependency/")
+async def get_wrapped_class_instance_gen_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(wrapped_class_instance_gen_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-class-instance-async-gen-dependency/")
+async def get_wrapped_class_instance_async_gen_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(wrapped_class_instance_async_gen_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/class-instance-wrapped-dependency/")
+async def get_class_instance_wrapped_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(class_instance_wrapped_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/class-instance-wrapped-async-dependency/")
+async def get_class_instance_wrapped_async_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(class_instance_wrapped_async_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/class-instance-async-wrapped-dependency/")
+async def get_class_instance_async_wrapped_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(class_instance_async_wrapped_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/class-instance-async-wrapped-async-dependency/")
+async def get_class_instance_async_wrapped_async_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(class_instance_async_wrapped_async_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/class-instance-wrapped-gen-dependency/")
+async def get_class_instance_wrapped_gen_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(class_instance_wrapped_gen_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/class-instance-wrapped-async-gen-dependency/")
+async def get_class_instance_wrapped_async_gen_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(class_instance_wrapped_async_gen_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/class-instance-async-wrapped-gen-dependency/")
+async def get_class_instance_async_wrapped_gen_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(class_instance_async_wrapped_gen_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/class-instance-async-wrapped-gen-async-dependency/")
+async def get_class_instance_async_wrapped_gen_async_dependency(
+    value: bool = Depends(class_instance_async_wrapped_gen_async_dep),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-class-dependency/")
+async def get_wrapped_class_dependency(value: ClassDep = Depends(wrapped_class_dep)):
+    return value.value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-endpoint/")
+@noop_wrap
+def get_wrapped_endpoint():
+    return True
+
+
+@app.get("/async-wrapped-endpoint/")
+@noop_wrap
+async def get_async_wrapped_endpoint():
+    return True
+
+
+# Async wrapper
+
+
+@noop_wrap_async
+def wrapped_dependency_async_wrapper() -> bool:
+    return True
+
+
+@noop_wrap_async
+def wrapped_gen_dependency_async_wrapper() -> Generator[bool, None, None]:
+    yield True
+
+
+@noop_wrap_async
+async def async_wrapped_dependency_async_wrapper() -> bool:
+    return True
+
+
+@noop_wrap_async
+async def async_wrapped_gen_dependency_async_wrapper() -> AsyncGenerator[bool, None]:
+    yield True
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-dependency-async-wrapper/")
+async def get_wrapped_dependency_async_wrapper(
+    value: bool = Depends(wrapped_dependency_async_wrapper),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-gen-dependency-async-wrapper/")
+async def get_wrapped_gen_dependency_async_wrapper(
+    value: bool = Depends(wrapped_gen_dependency_async_wrapper),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/async-wrapped-dependency-async-wrapper/")
+async def get_async_wrapped_dependency_async_wrapper(
+    value: bool = Depends(async_wrapped_dependency_async_wrapper),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/async-wrapped-gen-dependency-async-wrapper/")
+async def get_async_wrapped_gen_dependency_async_wrapper(
+    value: bool = Depends(async_wrapped_gen_dependency_async_wrapper),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-class-instance-dependency-async-wrapper/")
+async def get_wrapped_class_instance_dependency_async_wrapper(
+    value: bool = Depends(wrapped_class_instance_dep_async_wrapper),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-class-instance-async-dependency-async-wrapper/")
+async def get_wrapped_class_instance_async_dependency_async_wrapper(
+    value: bool = Depends(wrapped_class_instance_async_dep_async_wrapper),
+):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-class-dependency-async-wrapper/")
+async def get_wrapped_class_dependency_async_wrapper(
+    value: ClassDep = Depends(wrapped_class_dep_async_wrapper),
+):
+    return value.value
+
+
+@app.get("/wrapped-endpoint-async-wrapper/")
+@noop_wrap_async
+def get_wrapped_endpoint_async_wrapper():
+    return True
+
+
+@app.get("/async-wrapped-endpoint-async-wrapper/")
+@noop_wrap_async
+async def get_async_wrapped_endpoint_async_wrapper():
+    return True
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "route",
+    [
+        "/wrapped-dependency/",
+        "/wrapped-gen-dependency/",
+        "/async-wrapped-dependency/",
+        "/async-wrapped-gen-dependency/",
+        "/wrapped-class-instance-dependency/",
+        "/wrapped-class-instance-async-dependency/",
+        "/wrapped-class-instance-gen-dependency/",
+        "/wrapped-class-instance-async-gen-dependency/",
+        "/class-instance-wrapped-dependency/",
+        "/class-instance-wrapped-async-dependency/",
+        "/class-instance-async-wrapped-dependency/",
+        "/class-instance-async-wrapped-async-dependency/",
+        "/class-instance-wrapped-gen-dependency/",
+        "/class-instance-wrapped-async-gen-dependency/",
+        "/class-instance-async-wrapped-gen-dependency/",
+        "/class-instance-async-wrapped-gen-async-dependency/",
+        "/wrapped-class-dependency/",
+        "/wrapped-endpoint/",
+        "/async-wrapped-endpoint/",
+        "/wrapped-dependency-async-wrapper/",
+        "/wrapped-gen-dependency-async-wrapper/",
+        "/async-wrapped-dependency-async-wrapper/",
+        "/async-wrapped-gen-dependency-async-wrapper/",
+        "/wrapped-class-instance-dependency-async-wrapper/",
+        "/wrapped-class-instance-async-dependency-async-wrapper/",
+        "/wrapped-class-dependency-async-wrapper/",
+        "/wrapped-endpoint-async-wrapper/",
+        "/async-wrapped-endpoint-async-wrapper/",
+    ],
+)
+def test_class_dependency(route):
+    response = client.get(route)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() is True

tests/test_dependency_yield_except_httpexception.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Body, Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+initial_fake_database = {"rick": "Rick Sanchez"}
+
+fake_database = initial_fake_database.copy()
+
+initial_state = {"except": False, "finally": False}
+
+state = initial_state.copy()
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def get_database():
+    temp_database = fake_database.copy()
+    try:
+        yield temp_database
+        fake_database.update(temp_database)
+    except HTTPException:
+        state["except"] = True
+        raise
+    finally:
+        state["finally"] = True
+
+
+@app.put("/invalid-user/{user_id}")
+def put_invalid_user(
+    user_id: str, name: str = Body(), db: dict = Depends(get_database)
+):
+    db[user_id] = name
+    raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid user")
+
+
+@app.put("/user/{user_id}")
+def put_user(user_id: str, name: str = Body(), db: dict = Depends(get_database)):
+    db[user_id] = name
+    return {"message": "OK"}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_state_and_db():
+    global fake_database
+    global state
+    fake_database = initial_fake_database.copy()
+    state = initial_state.copy()
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_dependency_gets_exception():
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is False
+    response = client.put("/invalid-user/rick", json="Morty")
+    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid user"}
+    assert state["except"] is True
+    assert state["finally"] is True
+    assert fake_database["rick"] == "Rick Sanchez"
+
+
+def test_dependency_no_exception():
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is False
+    response = client.put("/user/rick", json="Morty")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "OK"}
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is True
+    assert fake_database["rick"] == "Morty"

tests/test_dependency_yield_scope.py

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+import json
+from typing import Any, Tuple
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIError
+from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+
+class Session:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.open = True
+
+
+def dep_session() -> Any:
+    s = Session()
+    yield s
+    s.open = False
+
+
+def raise_after_yield() -> Any:
+    yield
+    raise HTTPException(status_code=503, detail="Exception after yield")
+
+
+SessionFuncDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(dep_session, scope="function")]
+SessionRequestDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(dep_session, scope="request")]
+SessionDefaultDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(dep_session)]
+
+
+class NamedSession:
+    def __init__(self, name: str = "default") -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.open = True
+
+
+def get_named_session(session: SessionRequestDep, session_b: SessionDefaultDep) -> Any:
+    assert session is session_b
+    named_session = NamedSession(name="named")
+    yield named_session, session_b
+    named_session.open = False
+
+
+NamedSessionsDep = Annotated[Tuple[NamedSession, Session], Depends(get_named_session)]
+
+
+def get_named_func_session(session: SessionFuncDep) -> Any:
+    named_session = NamedSession(name="named")
+    yield named_session, session
+    named_session.open = False
+
+
+def get_named_regular_func_session(session: SessionFuncDep) -> Any:
+    named_session = NamedSession(name="named")
+    return named_session, session
+
+
+BrokenSessionsDep = Annotated[
+    Tuple[NamedSession, Session], Depends(get_named_func_session)
+]
+NamedSessionsFuncDep = Annotated[
+    Tuple[NamedSession, Session], Depends(get_named_func_session, scope="function")
+]
+
+RegularSessionsDep = Annotated[
+    Tuple[NamedSession, Session], Depends(get_named_regular_func_session)
+]
+
+app = FastAPI()
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("/")
+def get_index():
+    return {"status": "ok"}
+
+
+@app.get("/function-scope")
+def function_scope(session: SessionFuncDep) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield json.dumps({"is_open": session.open})
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+@app.get("/request-scope")
+def request_scope(session: SessionRequestDep) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield json.dumps({"is_open": session.open})
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+@app.get("/two-scopes")
+def get_stream_session(
+    function_session: SessionFuncDep, request_session: SessionRequestDep
+) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield json.dumps(
+            {"func_is_open": function_session.open, "req_is_open": request_session.open}
+        )
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+@app.get("/sub")
+def get_sub(sessions: NamedSessionsDep) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield json.dumps(
+            {"named_session_open": sessions[0].open, "session_open": sessions[1].open}
+        )
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+@app.get("/named-function-scope")
+def get_named_function_scope(sessions: NamedSessionsFuncDep) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield json.dumps(
+            {"named_session_open": sessions[0].open, "session_open": sessions[1].open}
+        )
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+@app.get("/regular-function-scope")
+def get_regular_function_scope(sessions: RegularSessionsDep) -> Any:
+    def iter_data():
+        yield json.dumps(
+            {"named_session_open": sessions[0].open, "session_open": sessions[1].open}
+        )
+
+    return StreamingResponse(iter_data())
+
+
+app.include_router(
+    prefix="/router-scope-function",
+    router=router,
+    dependencies=[Depends(raise_after_yield, scope="function")],
+)
+
+app.include_router(
+    prefix="/router-scope-request",
+    router=router,
+    dependencies=[Depends(raise_after_yield, scope="request")],
+)
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_function_scope() -> None:
+    response = client.get("/function-scope")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["is_open"] is False
+
+
+def test_request_scope() -> None:
+    response = client.get("/request-scope")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["is_open"] is True
+
+
+def test_two_scopes() -> None:
+    response = client.get("/two-scopes")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["func_is_open"] is False
+    assert data["req_is_open"] is True
+
+
+def test_sub() -> None:
+    response = client.get("/sub")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["named_session_open"] is True
+    assert data["session_open"] is True
+
+
+def test_broken_scope() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(
+        FastAPIError,
+        match='The dependency "get_named_func_session" has a scope of "request", it cannot depend on dependencies with scope "function"',
+    ):
+
+        @app.get("/broken-scope")
+        def get_broken(sessions: BrokenSessionsDep) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+
+
+def test_named_function_scope() -> None:
+    response = client.get("/named-function-scope")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["named_session_open"] is False
+    assert data["session_open"] is False
+
+
+def test_regular_function_scope() -> None:
+    response = client.get("/regular-function-scope")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["named_session_open"] is True
+    assert data["session_open"] is False
+
+
+def test_router_level_dep_scope_function() -> None:
+    response = client.get("/router-scope-function/")
+    assert response.status_code == 503
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Exception after yield"}
+
+
+def test_router_level_dep_scope_request() -> None:
+    with TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False) as client:
+        response = client.get("/router-scope-request/")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"status": "ok"}
+
+
+def test_app_level_dep_scope_function() -> None:
+    app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(raise_after_yield, scope="function")])
+
+    @app.get("/app-scope-function")
+    def get_app_scope_function():
+        return {"status": "ok"}
+
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.get("/app-scope-function")
+        assert response.status_code == 503
+        assert response.json() == {"detail": "Exception after yield"}
+
+
+def test_app_level_dep_scope_request() -> None:
+    app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(raise_after_yield, scope="request")])
+
+    @app.get("/app-scope-request")
+    def get_app_scope_request():
+        return {"status": "ok"}
+
+    with TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False) as client:
+        response = client.get("/app-scope-request")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"status": "ok"}

tests/test_dependency_yield_scope_websockets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from typing import Any, Dict, Tuple
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, WebSocket
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIError
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+global_context: ContextVar[Dict[str, Any]] = ContextVar("global_context", default={})  # noqa: B039
+
+
+class Session:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.open = True
+
+
+async def dep_session() -> Any:
+    s = Session()
+    yield s
+    s.open = False
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    global_state["session_closed"] = True
+
+
+SessionFuncDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(dep_session, scope="function")]
+SessionRequestDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(dep_session, scope="request")]
+SessionDefaultDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(dep_session)]
+
+
+class NamedSession:
+    def __init__(self, name: str = "default") -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.open = True
+
+
+def get_named_session(session: SessionRequestDep, session_b: SessionDefaultDep) -> Any:
+    assert session is session_b
+    named_session = NamedSession(name="named")
+    yield named_session, session_b
+    named_session.open = False
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    global_state["named_session_closed"] = True
+
+
+NamedSessionsDep = Annotated[Tuple[NamedSession, Session], Depends(get_named_session)]
+
+
+def get_named_func_session(session: SessionFuncDep) -> Any:
+    named_session = NamedSession(name="named")
+    yield named_session, session
+    named_session.open = False
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    global_state["named_func_session_closed"] = True
+
+
+def get_named_regular_func_session(session: SessionFuncDep) -> Any:
+    named_session = NamedSession(name="named")
+    return named_session, session
+
+
+BrokenSessionsDep = Annotated[
+    Tuple[NamedSession, Session], Depends(get_named_func_session)
+]
+NamedSessionsFuncDep = Annotated[
+    Tuple[NamedSession, Session], Depends(get_named_func_session, scope="function")
+]
+
+RegularSessionsDep = Annotated[
+    Tuple[NamedSession, Session], Depends(get_named_regular_func_session)
+]
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.websocket("/function-scope")
+async def function_scope(websocket: WebSocket, session: SessionFuncDep) -> Any:
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json({"is_open": session.open})
+
+
+@app.websocket("/request-scope")
+async def request_scope(websocket: WebSocket, session: SessionRequestDep) -> Any:
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json({"is_open": session.open})
+
+
+@app.websocket("/two-scopes")
+async def get_stream_session(
+    websocket: WebSocket,
+    function_session: SessionFuncDep,
+    request_session: SessionRequestDep,
+) -> Any:
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json(
+        {"func_is_open": function_session.open, "req_is_open": request_session.open}
+    )
+
+
+@app.websocket("/sub")
+async def get_sub(websocket: WebSocket, sessions: NamedSessionsDep) -> Any:
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json(
+        {"named_session_open": sessions[0].open, "session_open": sessions[1].open}
+    )
+
+
+@app.websocket("/named-function-scope")
+async def get_named_function_scope(
+    websocket: WebSocket, sessions: NamedSessionsFuncDep
+) -> Any:
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json(
+        {"named_session_open": sessions[0].open, "session_open": sessions[1].open}
+    )
+
+
+@app.websocket("/regular-function-scope")
+async def get_regular_function_scope(
+    websocket: WebSocket, sessions: RegularSessionsDep
+) -> Any:
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json(
+        {"named_session_open": sessions[0].open, "session_open": sessions[1].open}
+    )
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_function_scope() -> None:
+    global_context.set({})
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    with client.websocket_connect("/function-scope") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+    assert data["is_open"] is True
+    assert global_state["session_closed"] is True
+
+
+def test_request_scope() -> None:
+    global_context.set({})
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    with client.websocket_connect("/request-scope") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+    assert data["is_open"] is True
+    assert global_state["session_closed"] is True
+
+
+def test_two_scopes() -> None:
+    global_context.set({})
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    with client.websocket_connect("/two-scopes") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+    assert data["func_is_open"] is True
+    assert data["req_is_open"] is True
+    assert global_state["session_closed"] is True
+
+
+def test_sub() -> None:
+    global_context.set({})
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    with client.websocket_connect("/sub") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+    assert data["named_session_open"] is True
+    assert data["session_open"] is True
+    assert global_state["session_closed"] is True
+    assert global_state["named_session_closed"] is True
+
+
+def test_broken_scope() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(
+        FastAPIError,
+        match='The dependency "get_named_func_session" has a scope of "request", it cannot depend on dependencies with scope "function"',
+    ):
+
+        @app.websocket("/broken-scope")
+        async def get_broken(
+            websocket: WebSocket, sessions: BrokenSessionsDep
+        ) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+
+
+def test_named_function_scope() -> None:
+    global_context.set({})
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    with client.websocket_connect("/named-function-scope") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+    assert data["named_session_open"] is True
+    assert data["session_open"] is True
+    assert global_state["session_closed"] is True
+    assert global_state["named_func_session_closed"] is True
+
+
+def test_regular_function_scope() -> None:
+    global_context.set({})
+    global_state = global_context.get()
+    with client.websocket_connect("/regular-function-scope") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+    assert data["named_session_open"] is True
+    assert data["session_open"] is True
+    assert global_state["session_closed"] is True

tests/test_depends_hashable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# This is more or less a workaround to make Depends and Security hashable
+# as other tools that use them depend on that
+# Ref: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14320
+
+from fastapi import Depends, Security
+
+
+def dep():
+    pass
+
+
+def test_depends_hashable():
+    dep()  # just for coverage
+    d1 = Depends(dep)
+    d2 = Depends(dep)
+    d3 = Depends(dep, scope="function")
+    d4 = Depends(dep, scope="function")
+
+    s1 = Security(dep)
+    s2 = Security(dep)
+
+    assert hash(d1) == hash(d2)
+    assert hash(s1) == hash(s2)
+    assert hash(d1) != hash(d3)
+    assert hash(d3) == hash(d4)

tests/test_deprecated_openapi_prefix.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI(openapi_prefix="/api/v1")
+
+
+@app.get("/app")
+def read_main(request: Request):
+    return {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": request.scope.get("root_path")}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_main():
+    response = client.get("/app")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": "/api/v1"}
+
+
+def test_openapi():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/app": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Read Main",
+                    "operationId": "read_main_app_get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "servers": [{"url": "/api/v1"}],
+    }

tests/test_duplicate_models_openapi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    pass
+
+
+class Model2(BaseModel):
+    a: Model
+
+
+class Model3(BaseModel):
+    c: Model
+    d: Model2
+
+
+@app.get("/", response_model=Model3)
+def f():
+    return {"c": {}, "d": {"a": {}}}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_get_api_route():
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"c": {}, "d": {"a": {}}}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "F",
+                    "operationId": "f__get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Model3"}
+                                }
+                            },
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Model": {"title": "Model", "type": "object", "properties": {}},
+                "Model2": {
+                    "title": "Model2",
+                    "required": ["a"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"a": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Model"}},
+                },
+                "Model3": {
+                    "title": "Model3",
+                    "required": ["c", "d"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "c": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Model"},
+                        "d": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Model2"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_empty_router.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIError
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("")
+def get_empty():
+    return ["OK"]
+
+
+app.include_router(router, prefix="/prefix")
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_use_empty():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/prefix")
+        assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+        assert response.json() == ["OK"]
+
+        response = client.get("/prefix/")
+        assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+        assert response.json() == ["OK"]
+
+
+def test_include_empty():
+    # if both include and router.path are empty - it should raise exception
+    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError):
+        app.include_router(router)

tests/test_enforce_once_required_parameter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Query, status
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def _get_client_key(client_id: str = Query(...)) -> str:
+    return f"{client_id}_key"
+
+
+def _get_client_tag(client_id: Optional[str] = Query(None)) -> Optional[str]:
+    if client_id is None:
+        return None
+    return f"{client_id}_tag"
+
+
+@app.get("/foo")
+def foo_handler(
+    client_key: str = Depends(_get_client_key),
+    client_tag: Optional[str] = Depends(_get_client_tag),
+):
+    return {"client_id": client_key, "client_tag": client_tag}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+expected_schema = {
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                    }
+                },
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]},
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+            },
+        }
+    },
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "openapi": "3.1.0",
+    "paths": {
+        "/foo": {
+            "get": {
+                "operationId": "foo_handler_foo_get",
+                "parameters": [
+                    {
+                        "in": "query",
+                        "name": "client_id",
+                        "required": True,
+                        "schema": {"title": "Client Id", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                ],
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Foo Handler",
+            }
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    actual_schema = response.json()
+    assert actual_schema == expected_schema
+
+
+def test_get_invalid():
+    response = client.get("/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_get_valid():
+    response = client.get("/foo", params={"client_id": "bar"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"client_id": "bar_key", "client_tag": "bar_tag"}

tests/test_exception_handlers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+def http_exception_handler(request, exception):
+    return JSONResponse({"exception": "http-exception"})
+
+
+def request_validation_exception_handler(request, exception):
+    return JSONResponse({"exception": "request-validation"})
+
+
+def server_error_exception_handler(request, exception):
+    return JSONResponse(status_code=500, content={"exception": "server-error"})
+
+
+app = FastAPI(
+    exception_handlers={
+        HTTPException: http_exception_handler,
+        RequestValidationError: request_validation_exception_handler,
+        Exception: server_error_exception_handler,
+    }
+)
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def raise_value_error():
+    raise ValueError()
+
+
+def dependency_with_yield():
+    yield raise_value_error()
+
+
+@app.get("/dependency-with-yield", dependencies=[Depends(dependency_with_yield)])
+def with_yield(): ...
+
+
+@app.get("/http-exception")
+def route_with_http_exception():
+    raise HTTPException(status_code=400)
+
+
+@app.get("/request-validation/{param}/")
+def route_with_request_validation_exception(param: int):
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@app.get("/server-error")
+def route_with_server_error():
+    raise RuntimeError("Oops!")
+
+
+def test_override_http_exception():
+    response = client.get("/http-exception")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"exception": "http-exception"}
+
+
+def test_override_request_validation_exception():
+    response = client.get("/request-validation/invalid")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"exception": "request-validation"}
+
+
+def test_override_server_error_exception_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        client.get("/server-error")
+
+
+def test_override_server_error_exception_response():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/server-error")
+    assert response.status_code == 500
+    assert response.json() == {"exception": "server-error"}
+
+
+def test_traceback_for_dependency_with_yield():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=True)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+        client.get("/dependency-with-yield")
+    last_frame = exc_info.traceback[-1]
+    assert str(last_frame.path) == __file__
+    assert last_frame.lineno == raise_value_error.__code__.co_firstlineno

tests/test_extra_routes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: Optional[float] = None
+
+
+@app.api_route("/items/{item_id}", methods=["GET"])
+def get_items(item_id: str):
+    return {"item_id": item_id}
+
+
+def get_not_decorated(item_id: str):
+    return {"item_id": item_id}
+
+
+app.add_api_route("/items-not-decorated/{item_id}", get_not_decorated)
+
+
+@app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
+def delete_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}
+
+
+@app.head("/items/{item_id}")
+def head_item(item_id: str):
+    return JSONResponse(None, headers={"x-fastapi-item-id": item_id})
+
+
+@app.options("/items/{item_id}")
+def options_item(item_id: str):
+    return JSONResponse(None, headers={"x-fastapi-item-id": item_id})
+
+
+@app.patch("/items/{item_id}")
+def patch_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}
+
+
+@app.trace("/items/{item_id}")
+def trace_item(item_id: str):
+    return JSONResponse(None, media_type="message/http")
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_get_api_route():
+    response = client.get("/items/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo"}
+
+
+def test_get_api_route_not_decorated():
+    response = client.get("/items-not-decorated/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo"}
+
+
+def test_delete():
+    response = client.request("DELETE", "/items/foo", json={"name": "Foo"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo", "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": None}}
+
+
+def test_head():
+    response = client.head("/items/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.headers["x-fastapi-item-id"] == "foo"
+
+
+def test_options():
+    response = client.options("/items/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.headers["x-fastapi-item-id"] == "foo"
+
+
+def test_patch():
+    response = client.patch("/items/foo", json={"name": "Foo"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo", "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": None}}
+
+
+def test_trace():
+    response = client.request("trace", "/items/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "message/http"
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/items/{item_id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Get Items",
+                    "operationId": "get_items_items__item_id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                },
+                "delete": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Delete Item",
+                    "operationId": "delete_item_items__item_id__delete",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                },
+                "options": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Options Item",
+                    "operationId": "options_item_items__item_id__options",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                },
+                "head": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Head Item",
+                    "operationId": "head_item_items__item_id__head",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                },
+                "patch": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Patch Item",
+                    "operationId": "patch_item_items__item_id__patch",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                },
+                "trace": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Trace Item",
+                    "operationId": "trace_item_items__item_id__trace",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                },
+            },
+            "/items-not-decorated/{item_id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Get Not Decorated",
+                    "operationId": "get_not_decorated_items_not_decorated__item_id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Item": {
+                    "title": "Item",
+                    "required": ["name"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                        "price": IsDict(
+                            {
+                                "title": "Price",
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "number"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                            }
+                        )
+                        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                        | IsDict({"title": "Price", "type": "number"}),
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_fastapi_cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import fastapi.cli
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_fastapi_cli():
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [
+            sys.executable,
+            "-m",
+            "coverage",
+            "run",
+            "-m",
+            "fastapi",
+            "dev",
+            "non_existent_file.py",
+        ],
+        capture_output=True,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        env={**os.environ, "PYTHONIOENCODING": "utf-8"},
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 1, result.stdout
+    assert "Path does not exist non_existent_file.py" in result.stdout
+
+
+def test_fastapi_cli_not_installed():
+    with patch.object(fastapi.cli, "cli_main", None):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as exc_info:
+            fastapi.cli.main()
+        assert "To use the fastapi command, please install" in str(exc_info.value)

tests/test_file_and_form_order_issue_9116.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+"""
+Regression test, Error 422 if Form is declared before File
+See https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/9116
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/file_before_form")
+def file_before_form(
+    file: bytes = File(),
+    city: str = Form(),
+):
+    return {"file_content": file, "city": city}
+
+
+@app.post("/file_after_form")
+def file_after_form(
+    city: str = Form(),
+    file: bytes = File(),
+):
+    return {"file_content": file, "city": city}
+
+
+@app.post("/file_list_before_form")
+def file_list_before_form(
+    files: Annotated[List[bytes], File()],
+    city: Annotated[str, Form()],
+):
+    return {"file_contents": files, "city": city}
+
+
+@app.post("/file_list_after_form")
+def file_list_after_form(
+    city: Annotated[str, Form()],
+    files: Annotated[List[bytes], File()],
+):
+    return {"file_contents": files, "city": city}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def tmp_file_1(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    f = tmp_path / "example1.txt"
+    f.write_text("foo")
+    return f
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def tmp_file_2(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    f = tmp_path / "example2.txt"
+    f.write_text("bar")
+    return f
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("endpoint_path", ("/file_before_form", "/file_after_form"))
+def test_file_form_order(endpoint_path: str, tmp_file_1: Path):
+    response = client.post(
+        url=endpoint_path,
+        data={"city": "Thimphou"},
+        files={"file": (tmp_file_1.name, tmp_file_1.read_bytes())},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_content": "foo", "city": "Thimphou"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "endpoint_path", ("/file_list_before_form", "/file_list_after_form")
+)
+def test_file_list_form_order(endpoint_path: str, tmp_file_1: Path, tmp_file_2: Path):
+    response = client.post(
+        url=endpoint_path,
+        data={"city": "Thimphou"},
+        files=(
+            ("files", (tmp_file_1.name, tmp_file_1.read_bytes())),
+            ("files", (tmp_file_2.name, tmp_file_2.read_bytes())),
+        ),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_contents": ["foo", "bar"], "city": "Thimphou"}

tests/test_filter_pydantic_sub_model/app_pv1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class ModelB(BaseModel):
+    username: str
+
+
+class ModelC(ModelB):
+    password: str
+
+
+class ModelA(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: Optional[str] = None
+    model_b: ModelB
+
+    @validator("name")
+    def lower_username(cls, name: str, values):
+        if not name.endswith("A"):
+            raise ValueError("name must end in A")
+        return name
+
+
+async def get_model_c() -> ModelC:
+    return ModelC(username="test-user", password="test-password")
+
+
+@app.get("/model/{name}", response_model=ModelA)
+async def get_model_a(name: str, model_c=Depends(get_model_c)):
+    return {"name": name, "description": "model-a-desc", "model_b": model_c}

tests/test_filter_pydantic_sub_model/test_filter_pydantic_sub_model_pv1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi.exceptions import ResponseValidationError
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from ..utils import needs_pydanticv1
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client():
+    from .app_pv1 import app
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv1
+def test_filter_sub_model(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/model/modelA")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "name": "modelA",
+        "description": "model-a-desc",
+        "model_b": {"username": "test-user"},
+    }
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv1
+def test_validator_is_cloned(client: TestClient):
+    with pytest.raises(ResponseValidationError) as err:
+        client.get("/model/modelX")
+    assert err.value.errors() == [
+        {
+            "loc": ("response", "name"),
+            "msg": "name must end in A",
+            "type": "value_error",
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv1
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/model/{name}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Get Model A",
+                    "operationId": "get_model_a_model__name__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "name",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ModelA"}
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "ModelA": {
+                    "title": "ModelA",
+                    "required": ["name", "model_b"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                        "description": {"title": "Description", "type": "string"},
+                        "model_b": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ModelB"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "ModelB": {
+                    "title": "ModelB",
+                    "required": ["username"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"username": {"title": "Username", "type": "string"}},
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_filter_pydantic_sub_model_pv2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+import pytest
+from dirty_equals import HasRepr, IsDict, IsOneOf
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.exceptions import ResponseValidationError
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from .utils import needs_pydanticv2
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client():
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationInfo, field_validator
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    class ModelB(BaseModel):
+        username: str
+
+    class ModelC(ModelB):
+        password: str
+
+    class ModelA(BaseModel):
+        name: str
+        description: Optional[str] = None
+        foo: ModelB
+
+        @field_validator("name")
+        def lower_username(cls, name: str, info: ValidationInfo):
+            if not name.endswith("A"):
+                raise ValueError("name must end in A")
+            return name
+
+    async def get_model_c() -> ModelC:
+        return ModelC(username="test-user", password="test-password")
+
+    @app.get("/model/{name}", response_model=ModelA)
+    async def get_model_a(name: str, model_c=Depends(get_model_c)):
+        return {"name": name, "description": "model-a-desc", "foo": model_c}
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_filter_sub_model(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/model/modelA")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "name": "modelA",
+        "description": "model-a-desc",
+        "foo": {"username": "test-user"},
+    }
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_validator_is_cloned(client: TestClient):
+    with pytest.raises(ResponseValidationError) as err:
+        client.get("/model/modelX")
+    assert err.value.errors() == [
+        IsDict(
+            {
+                "type": "value_error",
+                "loc": ("response", "name"),
+                "msg": "Value error, name must end in A",
+                "input": "modelX",
+                "ctx": {"error": HasRepr("ValueError('name must end in A')")},
+            }
+        )
+        | IsDict(
+            # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+            {
+                "loc": ("response", "name"),
+                "msg": "name must end in A",
+                "type": "value_error",
+            }
+        )
+    ]
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/model/{name}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Get Model A",
+                    "operationId": "get_model_a_model__name__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "name",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ModelA"}
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "ModelA": {
+                    "title": "ModelA",
+                    "required": IsOneOf(
+                        ["name", "description", "foo"],
+                        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                        ["name", "foo"],
+                    ),
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                        "description": IsDict(
+                            {
+                                "title": "Description",
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                            }
+                        )
+                        |
+                        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                        IsDict({"title": "Description", "type": "string"}),
+                        "foo": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ModelB"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "ModelB": {
+                    "title": "ModelB",
+                    "required": ["username"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"username": {"title": "Username", "type": "string"}},
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_form_default.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/urlencoded")
+async def post_url_encoded(age: Annotated[Optional[int], Form()] = None):
+    return age
+
+
+@app.post("/multipart")
+async def post_multi_part(
+    age: Annotated[Optional[int], Form()] = None,
+    file: Annotated[Optional[bytes], File()] = None,
+):
+    return {"file": file, "age": age}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_form_default_url_encoded():
+    response = client.post("/urlencoded", data={"age": ""})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.text == "null"
+
+
+def test_form_default_multi_part():
+    response = client.post("/multipart", data={"age": ""})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"file": None, "age": None}

tests/test_forms_from_non_typing_sequences.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/form/python-list")
+def post_form_param_list(items: list = Form()):
+    return items
+
+
+@app.post("/form/python-set")
+def post_form_param_set(items: set = Form()):
+    return items
+
+
+@app.post("/form/python-tuple")
+def post_form_param_tuple(items: tuple = Form()):
+    return items
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_python_list_param_as_form():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/form/python-list", data={"items": ["first", "second", "third"]}
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == ["first", "second", "third"]
+
+
+def test_python_set_param_as_form():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/form/python-set", data={"items": ["first", "second", "third"]}
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert set(response.json()) == {"first", "second", "third"}
+
+
+def test_python_tuple_param_as_form():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/form/python-tuple", data={"items": ["first", "second", "third"]}
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == ["first", "second", "third"]

tests/test_forms_single_model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
+from fastapi._compat import PYDANTIC_V2
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class FormModel(BaseModel):
+    username: str
+    lastname: str
+    age: Optional[int] = None
+    tags: List[str] = ["foo", "bar"]
+    alias_with: str = Field(alias="with", default="nothing")
+
+
+class FormModelExtraAllow(BaseModel):
+    param: str
+
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        model_config = {"extra": "allow"}
+    else:
+
+        class Config:
+            extra = "allow"
+
+
+@app.post("/form/")
+def post_form(user: Annotated[FormModel, Form()]):
+    return user
+
+
+@app.post("/form-extra-allow/")
+def post_form_extra_allow(params: Annotated[FormModelExtraAllow, Form()]):
+    return params
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_send_all_data():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/form/",
+        data={
+            "username": "Rick",
+            "lastname": "Sanchez",
+            "age": "70",
+            "tags": ["plumbus", "citadel"],
+            "with": "something",
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "username": "Rick",
+        "lastname": "Sanchez",
+        "age": 70,
+        "tags": ["plumbus", "citadel"],
+        "with": "something",
+    }
+
+
+def test_defaults():
+    response = client.post("/form/", data={"username": "Rick", "lastname": "Sanchez"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "username": "Rick",
+        "lastname": "Sanchez",
+        "age": None,
+        "tags": ["foo", "bar"],
+        "with": "nothing",
+    }
+
+
+def test_invalid_data():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/form/",
+        data={
+            "username": "Rick",
+            "lastname": "Sanchez",
+            "age": "seventy",
+            "tags": ["plumbus", "citadel"],
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "int_parsing",
+                    "loc": ["body", "age"],
+                    "msg": "Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer",
+                    "input": "seventy",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["body", "age"],
+                    "msg": "value is not a valid integer",
+                    "type": "type_error.integer",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_no_data():
+    response = client.post("/form/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["body", "username"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {"tags": ["foo", "bar"], "with": "nothing"},
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["body", "lastname"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {"tags": ["foo", "bar"], "with": "nothing"},
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["body", "username"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                },
+                {
+                    "loc": ["body", "lastname"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_extra_param_single():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/form-extra-allow/",
+        data={
+            "param": "123",
+            "extra_param": "456",
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "param": "123",
+        "extra_param": "456",
+    }
+
+
+def test_extra_param_list():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/form-extra-allow/",
+        data={
+            "param": "123",
+            "extra_params": ["456", "789"],
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "param": "123",
+        "extra_params": ["456", "789"],
+    }

tests/test_forms_single_param.py

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/form/")
+def post_form(username: Annotated[str, Form()]):
+    return username
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_single_form_field():
+    response = client.post("/form/", data={"username": "Rick"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == "Rick"
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/form/": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "Post Form",
+                    "operationId": "post_form_form__post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_post_form_form__post"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Body_post_form_form__post": {
+                    "properties": {"username": {"type": "string", "title": "Username"}},
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["username"],
+                    "title": "Body_post_form_form__post",
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Location",
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"type": "string", "title": "Message"},
+                        "type": {"type": "string", "title": "Error Type"},
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_generic_parameterless_depends.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+Dep = Annotated[T, Depends()]
+
+
+class A:
+    pass
+
+
+class B:
+    pass
+
+
+@app.get("/a")
+async def a(dep: Dep[A]):
+    return {"cls": dep.__class__.__name__}
+
+
+@app.get("/b")
+async def b(dep: Dep[B]):
+    return {"cls": dep.__class__.__name__}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_generic_parameterless_depends():
+    response = client.get("/a")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"cls": "A"}
+
+    response = client.get("/b")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"cls": "B"}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "paths": {
+            "/a": {
+                "get": {
+                    "operationId": "a_a_get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "summary": "A",
+                }
+            },
+            "/b": {
+                "get": {
+                    "operationId": "b_b_get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "summary": "B",
+                }
+            },
+        },
+    }

tests/test_get_model_definitions_formfeed_escape.py

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+from typing import Any, Iterator, Set, Type
+
+import fastapi._compat
+import fastapi.openapi.utils
+import pydantic.schema
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from .utils import needs_pydanticv1
+
+
+class Address(BaseModel):
+    """
+    This is a public description of an Address
+    \f
+    You can't see this part of the docstring, it's private!
+    """
+
+    line_1: str
+    city: str
+    state_province: str
+
+
+class Facility(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    address: Address
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@app.get("/facilities/{facility_id}")
+def get_facility(facility_id: str) -> Facility: ...
+
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Address": {
+                # NOTE: the description of this model shows only the public-facing text, before the `\f` in docstring
+                "description": "This is a public description of an Address\n",
+                "properties": {
+                    "city": {"title": "City", "type": "string"},
+                    "line_1": {"title": "Line 1", "type": "string"},
+                    "state_province": {"title": "State Province", "type": "string"},
+                },
+                "required": ["line_1", "city", "state_province"],
+                "title": "Address",
+                "type": "object",
+            },
+            "Facility": {
+                "properties": {
+                    "address": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Address"},
+                    "id": {"title": "Id", "type": "string"},
+                },
+                "required": ["id", "address"],
+                "title": "Facility",
+                "type": "object",
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                    }
+                },
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]},
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+            },
+        }
+    },
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "openapi": "3.1.0",
+    "paths": {
+        "/facilities/{facility_id}": {
+            "get": {
+                "operationId": "get_facility_facilities__facility_id__get",
+                "parameters": [
+                    {
+                        "in": "path",
+                        "name": "facility_id",
+                        "required": True,
+                        "schema": {"title": "Facility Id", "type": "string"},
+                    }
+                ],
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Facility"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Get Facility",
+            }
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    """
+    Sanity check to ensure our app's openapi schema renders as we expect
+    """
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+class SortedTypeSet(set):
+    """
+    Set of Types whose `__iter__()` method yields results sorted by the type names
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, seq: Set[Type[Any]], *, sort_reversed: bool):
+        super().__init__(seq)
+        self.sort_reversed = sort_reversed
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Type[Any]]:
+        members_sorted = sorted(
+            super().__iter__(),
+            key=lambda type_: type_.__name__,
+            reverse=self.sort_reversed,
+        )
+        yield from members_sorted
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv1
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sort_reversed", [True, False])
+def test_model_description_escaped_with_formfeed(sort_reversed: bool):
+    """
+    Regression test for bug fixed by https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/6039.
+
+    Test `get_model_definitions` with models passed in different order.
+    """
+    from fastapi._compat import v1
+
+    all_fields = fastapi.openapi.utils.get_fields_from_routes(app.routes)
+
+    flat_models = v1.get_flat_models_from_fields(all_fields, known_models=set())
+    model_name_map = pydantic.schema.get_model_name_map(flat_models)
+
+    expected_address_description = "This is a public description of an Address\n"
+
+    models = v1.get_model_definitions(
+        flat_models=SortedTypeSet(flat_models, sort_reversed=sort_reversed),
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+    )
+    assert models["Address"]["description"] == expected_address_description

tests/test_get_request_body.py

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Product(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str = None  # type: ignore
+    price: float
+
+
+@app.get("/product")
+async def create_item(product: Product):
+    return product
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_get_with_body():
+    body = {"name": "Foo", "description": "Some description", "price": 5.5}
+    response = client.request("GET", "/product", json=body)
+    assert response.json() == body
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/product": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Create Item",
+                    "operationId": "create_item_product_get",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Product"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "Product": {
+                    "title": "Product",
+                    "required": ["name", "price"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                        "description": {"title": "Description", "type": "string"},
+                        "price": {"title": "Price", "type": "number"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_http_connection_injection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.requests import HTTPConnection
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+app = FastAPI()
+app.state.value = 42
+
+
+async def extract_value_from_http_connection(conn: HTTPConnection):
+    return conn.app.state.value
+
+
+@app.get("/http")
+async def get_value_by_http(value: int = Depends(extract_value_from_http_connection)):
+    return value
+
+
+@app.websocket("/ws")
+async def get_value_by_ws(
+    websocket: WebSocket, value: int = Depends(extract_value_from_http_connection)
+):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json(value)
+    await websocket.close()
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_value_extracting_by_http():
+    response = client.get("/http")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == 42
+
+
+def test_value_extracting_by_ws():
+    with client.websocket_connect("/ws") as websocket:
+        assert websocket.receive_json() == 42

tests/test_include_route.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, Request
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.route("/items/")
+def read_items(request: Request):
+    return JSONResponse({"hello": "world"})
+
+
+app.include_router(router)
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_sub_router():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hello": "world"}

tests/test_infer_param_optionality.py

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+user_router = APIRouter()
+item_router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@user_router.get("/")
+def get_users():
+    return [{"user_id": "u1"}, {"user_id": "u2"}]
+
+
+@user_router.get("/{user_id}")
+def get_user(user_id: str):
+    return {"user_id": user_id}
+
+
+@item_router.get("/")
+def get_items(user_id: Optional[str] = None):
+    if user_id is None:
+        return [{"item_id": "i1", "user_id": "u1"}, {"item_id": "i2", "user_id": "u2"}]
+    else:
+        return [{"item_id": "i2", "user_id": user_id}]
+
+
+@item_router.get("/{item_id}")
+def get_item(item_id: str, user_id: Optional[str] = None):
+    if user_id is None:
+        return {"item_id": item_id}
+    else:
+        return {"item_id": item_id, "user_id": user_id}
+
+
+app.include_router(user_router, prefix="/users")
+app.include_router(item_router, prefix="/items")
+
+app.include_router(item_router, prefix="/users/{user_id}/items")
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_get_users():
+    """Check that /users returns expected data"""
+    response = client.get("/users")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [{"user_id": "u1"}, {"user_id": "u2"}]
+
+
+def test_get_user():
+    """Check that /users/{user_id} returns expected data"""
+    response = client.get("/users/abc123")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"user_id": "abc123"}
+
+
+def test_get_items_1():
+    """Check that /items returns expected data"""
+    response = client.get("/items")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [
+        {"item_id": "i1", "user_id": "u1"},
+        {"item_id": "i2", "user_id": "u2"},
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_items_2():
+    """Check that /items returns expected data with user_id specified"""
+    response = client.get("/items?user_id=abc123")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [{"item_id": "i2", "user_id": "abc123"}]
+
+
+def test_get_item_1():
+    """Check that /items/{item_id} returns expected data"""
+    response = client.get("/items/item01")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "item01"}
+
+
+def test_get_item_2():
+    """Check that /items/{item_id} returns expected data with user_id specified"""
+    response = client.get("/items/item01?user_id=abc123")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "item01", "user_id": "abc123"}
+
+
+def test_get_users_items():
+    """Check that /users/{user_id}/items returns expected data"""
+    response = client.get("/users/abc123/items")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [{"item_id": "i2", "user_id": "abc123"}]
+
+
+def test_get_users_item():
+    """Check that /users/{user_id}/items returns expected data"""
+    response = client.get("/users/abc123/items/item01")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "item01", "user_id": "abc123"}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/users/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Get Users",
+                    "operationId": "get_users_users__get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/users/{user_id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Get User",
+                    "operationId": "get_user_users__user_id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "User Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "user_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/items/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Get Items",
+                    "operationId": "get_items_items__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": False,
+                            "name": "user_id",
+                            "in": "query",
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                    "title": "User Id",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            | IsDict(
+                                # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                {"title": "User Id", "type": "string"}
+                            ),
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/items/{item_id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Get Item",
+                    "operationId": "get_item_items__item_id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "required": False,
+                            "name": "user_id",
+                            "in": "query",
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                    "title": "User Id",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            | IsDict(
+                                # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                {"title": "User Id", "type": "string"}
+                            ),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/users/{user_id}/items/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Get Items",
+                    "operationId": "get_items_users__user_id__items__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "name": "user_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                    "title": "User Id",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            | IsDict(
+                                # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                {"title": "User Id", "type": "string"}
+                            ),
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Get Item",
+                    "operationId": "get_item_users__user_id__items__item_id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "name": "user_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                    "title": "User Id",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            | IsDict(
+                                # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                {"title": "User Id", "type": "string"}
+                            ),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_inherited_custom_class.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import uuid
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+from .utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2
+
+
+class MyUuid:
+    def __init__(self, uuid_string: str):
+        self.uuid = uuid_string
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.uuid
+
+    @property  # type: ignore
+    def __class__(self):
+        return uuid.UUID
+
+    @property
+    def __dict__(self):
+        """Spoof a missing __dict__ by raising TypeError, this is how
+        asyncpg.pgroto.pgproto.UUID behaves"""
+        raise TypeError("vars() argument must have __dict__ attribute")
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_pydanticv2():
+    from pydantic import field_serializer
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.get("/fast_uuid")
+    def return_fast_uuid():
+        asyncpg_uuid = MyUuid("a10ff360-3b1e-4984-a26f-d3ab460bdb51")
+        assert isinstance(asyncpg_uuid, uuid.UUID)
+        assert type(asyncpg_uuid) is not uuid.UUID
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            vars(asyncpg_uuid)
+        return {"fast_uuid": asyncpg_uuid}
+
+    class SomeCustomClass(BaseModel):
+        model_config = {"arbitrary_types_allowed": True}
+
+        a_uuid: MyUuid
+
+        @field_serializer("a_uuid")
+        def serialize_a_uuid(self, v):
+            return str(v)
+
+    @app.get("/get_custom_class")
+    def return_some_user():
+        # Test that the fix also works for custom pydantic classes
+        return SomeCustomClass(a_uuid=MyUuid("b8799909-f914-42de-91bc-95c819218d01"))
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+
+    with client:
+        response_simple = client.get("/fast_uuid")
+        response_pydantic = client.get("/get_custom_class")
+
+    assert response_simple.json() == {
+        "fast_uuid": "a10ff360-3b1e-4984-a26f-d3ab460bdb51"
+    }
+
+    assert response_pydantic.json() == {
+        "a_uuid": "b8799909-f914-42de-91bc-95c819218d01"
+    }
+
+
+# TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+@needs_pydanticv1
+def test_pydanticv1():
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.get("/fast_uuid")
+    def return_fast_uuid():
+        asyncpg_uuid = MyUuid("a10ff360-3b1e-4984-a26f-d3ab460bdb51")
+        assert isinstance(asyncpg_uuid, uuid.UUID)
+        assert type(asyncpg_uuid) is not uuid.UUID
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            vars(asyncpg_uuid)
+        return {"fast_uuid": asyncpg_uuid}
+
+    class SomeCustomClass(BaseModel):
+        class Config:
+            arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+            json_encoders = {uuid.UUID: str}
+
+        a_uuid: MyUuid
+
+    @app.get("/get_custom_class")
+    def return_some_user():
+        # Test that the fix also works for custom pydantic classes
+        return SomeCustomClass(a_uuid=MyUuid("b8799909-f914-42de-91bc-95c819218d01"))
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+
+    with client:
+        response_simple = client.get("/fast_uuid")
+        response_pydantic = client.get("/get_custom_class")
+
+    assert response_simple.json() == {
+        "fast_uuid": "a10ff360-3b1e-4984-a26f-d3ab460bdb51"
+    }
+
+    assert response_pydantic.json() == {
+        "a_uuid": "b8799909-f914-42de-91bc-95c819218d01"
+    }

tests/test_invalid_path_param.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+def test_invalid_sequence():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            title: str
+
+        @app.get("/items/{id}")
+        def read_items(id: List[Item]):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_tuple():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            title: str
+
+        @app.get("/items/{id}")
+        def read_items(id: Tuple[Item, Item]):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_dict():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            title: str
+
+        @app.get("/items/{id}")
+        def read_items(id: Dict[str, Item]):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_simple_list():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.get("/items/{id}")
+        def read_items(id: list):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_simple_tuple():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.get("/items/{id}")
+        def read_items(id: tuple):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_simple_set():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.get("/items/{id}")
+        def read_items(id: set):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_simple_dict():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.get("/items/{id}")
+        def read_items(id: dict):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover

tests/test_invalid_sequence_param.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+def test_invalid_sequence():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            title: str
+
+        @app.get("/items/")
+        def read_items(q: List[Item] = Query(default=None)):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_tuple():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            title: str
+
+        @app.get("/items/")
+        def read_items(q: Tuple[Item, Item] = Query(default=None)):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_dict():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            title: str
+
+        @app.get("/items/")
+        def read_items(q: Dict[str, Item] = Query(default=None)):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_invalid_simple_dict():
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            title: str
+
+        @app.get("/items/")
+        def read_items(q: Optional[dict] = Query(default=None)):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover

tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+from collections import deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from math import isinf, isnan
+from pathlib import PurePath, PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath
+from typing import Optional
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi._compat import PYDANTIC_V2, Undefined
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ValidationError
+
+from .utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2
+
+
+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str):
+        self.name = name
+
+
+class Pet:
+    def __init__(self, owner: Person, name: str):
+        self.owner = owner
+        self.name = name
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Item:
+    name: str
+    count: int
+
+
+class DictablePerson(Person):
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return ((k, v) for k, v in self.__dict__.items())
+
+
+class DictablePet(Pet):
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return ((k, v) for k, v in self.__dict__.items())
+
+
+class Unserializable:
+    def __iter__(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def __dict__(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class RoleEnum(Enum):
+    admin = "admin"
+    normal = "normal"
+
+
+class ModelWithConfig(BaseModel):
+    role: Optional[RoleEnum] = None
+
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        model_config = {"use_enum_values": True}
+    else:
+
+        class Config:
+            use_enum_values = True
+
+
+class ModelWithAlias(BaseModel):
+    foo: str = Field(alias="Foo")
+
+
+class ModelWithDefault(BaseModel):
+    foo: str = ...  # type: ignore
+    bar: str = "bar"
+    bla: str = "bla"
+
+
+def test_encode_dict():
+    pet = {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == {
+        "name": "Firulais",
+        "owner": {"name": "Foo"},
+    }
+
+
+def test_encode_class():
+    person = Person(name="Foo")
+    pet = Pet(owner=person, name="Firulais")
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == {
+        "name": "Firulais",
+        "owner": {"name": "Foo"},
+    }
+
+
+def test_encode_dictable():
+    person = DictablePerson(name="Foo")
+    pet = DictablePet(owner=person, name="Firulais")
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == {
+        "name": "Firulais",
+        "owner": {"name": "Foo"},
+    }
+
+
+def test_encode_dataclass():
+    item = Item(name="foo", count=100)
+    assert jsonable_encoder(item) == {"name": "foo", "count": 100}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(item, include={"name"}) == {"name": "foo"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(item, exclude={"count"}) == {"name": "foo"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(item, include={}) == {}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(item, exclude={}) == {"name": "foo", "count": 100}
+
+
+def test_encode_unsupported():
+    unserializable = Unserializable()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        jsonable_encoder(unserializable)
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_encode_custom_json_encoders_model_pydanticv2():
+    from pydantic import field_serializer
+
+    class ModelWithCustomEncoder(BaseModel):
+        dt_field: datetime
+
+        @field_serializer("dt_field")
+        def serialize_dt_field(self, dt):
+            return dt.replace(microsecond=0, tzinfo=timezone.utc).isoformat()
+
+    class ModelWithCustomEncoderSubclass(ModelWithCustomEncoder):
+        pass
+
+    model = ModelWithCustomEncoder(dt_field=datetime(2019, 1, 1, 8))
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model) == {"dt_field": "2019-01-01T08:00:00+00:00"}
+    subclass_model = ModelWithCustomEncoderSubclass(dt_field=datetime(2019, 1, 1, 8))
+    assert jsonable_encoder(subclass_model) == {"dt_field": "2019-01-01T08:00:00+00:00"}
+
+
+# TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+@needs_pydanticv1
+def test_encode_custom_json_encoders_model_pydanticv1():
+    class ModelWithCustomEncoder(BaseModel):
+        dt_field: datetime
+
+        class Config:
+            json_encoders = {
+                datetime: lambda dt: dt.replace(
+                    microsecond=0, tzinfo=timezone.utc
+                ).isoformat()
+            }
+
+    class ModelWithCustomEncoderSubclass(ModelWithCustomEncoder):
+        class Config:
+            pass
+
+    model = ModelWithCustomEncoder(dt_field=datetime(2019, 1, 1, 8))
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model) == {"dt_field": "2019-01-01T08:00:00+00:00"}
+    subclass_model = ModelWithCustomEncoderSubclass(dt_field=datetime(2019, 1, 1, 8))
+    assert jsonable_encoder(subclass_model) == {"dt_field": "2019-01-01T08:00:00+00:00"}
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_config():
+    model = ModelWithConfig(role=RoleEnum.admin)
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model) == {"role": "admin"}
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_alias_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+        ModelWithAlias(foo="Bar")
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_alias():
+    model = ModelWithAlias(Foo="Bar")
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model) == {"Foo": "Bar"}
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_default():
+    model = ModelWithDefault(foo="foo", bar="bar")
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model) == {"foo": "foo", "bar": "bar", "bla": "bla"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude_unset=True) == {"foo": "foo", "bar": "bar"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude_defaults=True) == {"foo": "foo"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude_unset=True, exclude_defaults=True) == {
+        "foo": "foo"
+    }
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model, include={"foo"}) == {"foo": "foo"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude={"bla"}) == {"foo": "foo", "bar": "bar"}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model, include={}) == {}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude={}) == {
+        "foo": "foo",
+        "bar": "bar",
+        "bla": "bla",
+    }
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv1
+def test_custom_encoders():
+    class safe_datetime(datetime):
+        pass
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        dt_field: safe_datetime
+
+    instance = MyModel(dt_field=safe_datetime.now())
+
+    encoded_instance = jsonable_encoder(
+        instance, custom_encoder={safe_datetime: lambda o: o.strftime("%H:%M:%S")}
+    )
+    assert encoded_instance["dt_field"] == instance.dt_field.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
+
+    encoded_instance2 = jsonable_encoder(instance)
+    assert encoded_instance2["dt_field"] == instance.dt_field.isoformat()
+
+
+def test_custom_enum_encoders():
+    def custom_enum_encoder(v: Enum):
+        return v.value.lower()
+
+    class MyEnum(Enum):
+        ENUM_VAL_1 = "ENUM_VAL_1"
+
+    instance = MyEnum.ENUM_VAL_1
+
+    encoded_instance = jsonable_encoder(
+        instance, custom_encoder={MyEnum: custom_enum_encoder}
+    )
+    assert encoded_instance == custom_enum_encoder(instance)
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_pure_path():
+    class ModelWithPath(BaseModel):
+        path: PurePath
+
+        if PYDANTIC_V2:
+            model_config = {"arbitrary_types_allowed": True}
+        else:
+
+            class Config:
+                arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+
+    test_path = PurePath("/foo", "bar")
+    obj = ModelWithPath(path=test_path)
+    assert jsonable_encoder(obj) == {"path": str(test_path)}
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_pure_posix_path():
+    class ModelWithPath(BaseModel):
+        path: PurePosixPath
+
+        if PYDANTIC_V2:
+            model_config = {"arbitrary_types_allowed": True}
+        else:
+
+            class Config:
+                arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+
+    obj = ModelWithPath(path=PurePosixPath("/foo", "bar"))
+    assert jsonable_encoder(obj) == {"path": "/foo/bar"}
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_pure_windows_path():
+    class ModelWithPath(BaseModel):
+        path: PureWindowsPath
+
+        if PYDANTIC_V2:
+            model_config = {"arbitrary_types_allowed": True}
+        else:
+
+            class Config:
+                arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+
+    obj = ModelWithPath(path=PureWindowsPath("/foo", "bar"))
+    assert jsonable_encoder(obj) == {"path": "\\foo\\bar"}
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv1
+def test_encode_root():
+    class ModelWithRoot(BaseModel):
+        __root__: str
+
+    model = ModelWithRoot(__root__="Foo")
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model) == "Foo"
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_decimal_encoder_float():
+    data = {"value": Decimal(1.23)}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(data) == {"value": 1.23}
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_decimal_encoder_int():
+    data = {"value": Decimal(2)}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(data) == {"value": 2}
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_decimal_encoder_nan():
+    data = {"value": Decimal("NaN")}
+    assert isnan(jsonable_encoder(data)["value"])
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_decimal_encoder_infinity():
+    data = {"value": Decimal("Infinity")}
+    assert isinf(jsonable_encoder(data)["value"])
+    data = {"value": Decimal("-Infinity")}
+    assert isinf(jsonable_encoder(data)["value"])
+
+
+def test_encode_deque_encodes_child_models():
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        test: str
+
+    dq = deque([Model(test="test")])
+
+    assert jsonable_encoder(dq)[0]["test"] == "test"
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_encode_pydantic_undefined():
+    data = {"value": Undefined}
+    assert jsonable_encoder(data) == {"value": None}

tests/test_local_docs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import inspect
+
+from fastapi.openapi.docs import get_redoc_html, get_swagger_ui_html
+
+
+def test_strings_in_generated_swagger():
+    sig = inspect.signature(get_swagger_ui_html)
+    swagger_js_url = sig.parameters.get("swagger_js_url").default  # type: ignore
+    swagger_css_url = sig.parameters.get("swagger_css_url").default  # type: ignore
+    swagger_favicon_url = sig.parameters.get("swagger_favicon_url").default  # type: ignore
+    html = get_swagger_ui_html(openapi_url="/docs", title="title")
+    body_content = html.body.decode()
+    assert swagger_js_url in body_content
+    assert swagger_css_url in body_content
+    assert swagger_favicon_url in body_content
+
+
+def test_strings_in_custom_swagger():
+    swagger_js_url = "swagger_fake_file.js"
+    swagger_css_url = "swagger_fake_file.css"
+    swagger_favicon_url = "swagger_fake_file.png"
+    html = get_swagger_ui_html(
+        openapi_url="/docs",
+        title="title",
+        swagger_js_url=swagger_js_url,
+        swagger_css_url=swagger_css_url,
+        swagger_favicon_url=swagger_favicon_url,
+    )
+    body_content = html.body.decode()
+    assert swagger_js_url in body_content
+    assert swagger_css_url in body_content
+    assert swagger_favicon_url in body_content
+
+
+def test_strings_in_generated_redoc():
+    sig = inspect.signature(get_redoc_html)
+    redoc_js_url = sig.parameters.get("redoc_js_url").default  # type: ignore
+    redoc_favicon_url = sig.parameters.get("redoc_favicon_url").default  # type: ignore
+    html = get_redoc_html(openapi_url="/docs", title="title")
+    body_content = html.body.decode()
+    assert redoc_js_url in body_content
+    assert redoc_favicon_url in body_content
+
+
+def test_strings_in_custom_redoc():
+    redoc_js_url = "fake_redoc_file.js"
+    redoc_favicon_url = "fake_redoc_file.png"
+    html = get_redoc_html(
+        openapi_url="/docs",
+        title="title",
+        redoc_js_url=redoc_js_url,
+        redoc_favicon_url=redoc_favicon_url,
+    )
+    body_content = html.body.decode()
+    assert redoc_js_url in body_content
+    assert redoc_favicon_url in body_content
+
+
+def test_google_fonts_in_generated_redoc():
+    body_with_google_fonts = get_redoc_html(
+        openapi_url="/docs", title="title"
+    ).body.decode()
+    assert "fonts.googleapis.com" in body_with_google_fonts
+    body_without_google_fonts = get_redoc_html(
+        openapi_url="/docs", title="title", with_google_fonts=False
+    ).body.decode()
+    assert "fonts.googleapis.com" not in body_without_google_fonts

tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/a.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Body
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.post("/compute")
+def compute(a: int = Body(), b: str = Body()):
+    return {"a": a, "b": b}

tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/b.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Body
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.post("/compute/")
+def compute(a: int = Body(), b: str = Body()):
+    return {"a": a, "b": b}

tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+from . import a, b
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+app.include_router(a.router, prefix="/a")
+app.include_router(b.router, prefix="/b")

tests/test_modules_same_name_body/test_main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from .app.main import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path", ["/a/compute", "/a/compute/", "/b/compute", "/b/compute/"]
+)
+def test_post(path):
+    data = {"a": 2, "b": "foo"}
+    response = client.post(path, json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert data == response.json()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path", ["/a/compute", "/a/compute/", "/b/compute", "/b/compute/"]
+)
+def test_post_invalid(path):
+    data = {"a": "bar", "b": "foo"}
+    response = client.post(path, json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/a/compute": {
+                "post": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Compute",
+                    "operationId": "compute_a_compute_post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_compute_a_compute_post"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/b/compute/": {
+                "post": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Compute",
+                    "operationId": "compute_b_compute__post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_compute_b_compute__post"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Body_compute_b_compute__post": {
+                    "title": "Body_compute_b_compute__post",
+                    "required": ["a", "b"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "a": {"title": "A", "type": "integer"},
+                        "b": {"title": "B", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "Body_compute_a_compute_post": {
+                    "title": "Body_compute_a_compute_post",
+                    "required": ["a", "b"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "a": {"title": "A", "type": "integer"},
+                        "b": {"title": "B", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_multi_body_errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+from decimal import Decimal
+from typing import List
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict, IsOneOf
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel, condecimal
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    age: condecimal(gt=Decimal(0.0))  # type: ignore
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+def save_item_no_body(item: List[Item]):
+    return {"item": item}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_put_correct_body():
+    response = client.post("/items/", json=[{"name": "Foo", "age": 5}])
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "item": [
+            {
+                "name": "Foo",
+                "age": IsOneOf(
+                    5,
+                    # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                    "5",
+                ),
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+
+
+def test_jsonable_encoder_requiring_error():
+    response = client.post("/items/", json=[{"name": "Foo", "age": -1.0}])
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "greater_than",
+                    "loc": ["body", 0, "age"],
+                    "msg": "Input should be greater than 0",
+                    "input": -1.0,
+                    "ctx": {"gt": 0},
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "ctx": {"limit_value": 0.0},
+                    "loc": ["body", 0, "age"],
+                    "msg": "ensure this value is greater than 0",
+                    "type": "value_error.number.not_gt",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_put_incorrect_body_multiple():
+    response = client.post("/items/", json=[{"age": "five"}, {"age": "six"}])
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["body", 0, "name"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {"age": "five"},
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "decimal_parsing",
+                    "loc": ["body", 0, "age"],
+                    "msg": "Input should be a valid decimal",
+                    "input": "five",
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "missing",
+                    "loc": ["body", 1, "name"],
+                    "msg": "Field required",
+                    "input": {"age": "six"},
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "decimal_parsing",
+                    "loc": ["body", 1, "age"],
+                    "msg": "Input should be a valid decimal",
+                    "input": "six",
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["body", 0, "name"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                },
+                {
+                    "loc": ["body", 0, "age"],
+                    "msg": "value is not a valid decimal",
+                    "type": "type_error.decimal",
+                },
+                {
+                    "loc": ["body", 1, "name"],
+                    "msg": "field required",
+                    "type": "value_error.missing",
+                },
+                {
+                    "loc": ["body", 1, "age"],
+                    "msg": "value is not a valid decimal",
+                    "type": "type_error.decimal",
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/items/": {
+                "post": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Save Item No Body",
+                    "operationId": "save_item_no_body_items__post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "title": "Item",
+                                    "type": "array",
+                                    "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "Item": {
+                    "title": "Item",
+                    "required": ["name", "age"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                        "age": IsDict(
+                            {
+                                "title": "Age",
+                                "anyOf": [
+                                    {"exclusiveMinimum": 0.0, "type": "number"},
+                                    IsOneOf(
+                                        # pydantic < 2.12.0
+                                        {"type": "string"},
+                                        # pydantic >= 2.12.0
+                                        {
+                                            "type": "string",
+                                            "pattern": r"^(?!^[-+.]*$)[+-]?0*\d*\.?\d*$",
+                                        },
+                                    ),
+                                ],
+                            }
+                        )
+                        | IsDict(
+                            # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                            {
+                                "title": "Age",
+                                "exclusiveMinimum": 0.0,
+                                "type": "number",
+                            }
+                        ),
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_multi_query_errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+def read_items(q: List[int] = Query(default=None)):
+    return {"q": q}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_multi_query():
+    response = client.get("/items/?q=5&q=6")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"q": [5, 6]}
+
+
+def test_multi_query_incorrect():
+    response = client.get("/items/?q=five&q=six")
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+    assert response.json() == IsDict(
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "type": "int_parsing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "q", 0],
+                    "msg": "Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer",
+                    "input": "five",
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "int_parsing",
+                    "loc": ["query", "q", 1],
+                    "msg": "Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer",
+                    "input": "six",
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+    ) | IsDict(
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        {
+            "detail": [
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "q", 0],
+                    "msg": "value is not a valid integer",
+                    "type": "type_error.integer",
+                },
+                {
+                    "loc": ["query", "q", 1],
+                    "msg": "value is not a valid integer",
+                    "type": "type_error.integer",
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/items/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Read Items",
+                    "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": False,
+                            "schema": {
+                                "title": "Q",
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "items": {"type": "integer"},
+                            },
+                            "name": "q",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        }
+                    ],
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_multipart_installation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import warnings
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form, UploadFile
+from fastapi.dependencies.utils import (
+    multipart_incorrect_install_error,
+    multipart_not_installed_error,
+)
+
+
+def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_form(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.multipart.parse_options_header", raising=False)
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_incorrect_install_error):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.post("/")
+        async def root(username: str = Form()):
+            return username  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_file_upload(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.multipart.parse_options_header", raising=False)
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_incorrect_install_error):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.post("/")
+        async def root(f: UploadFile = File()):
+            return f  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_file_bytes(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.multipart.parse_options_header", raising=False)
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_incorrect_install_error):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.post("/")
+        async def root(f: bytes = File()):
+            return f  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_multi_form(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.multipart.parse_options_header", raising=False)
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_incorrect_install_error):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.post("/")
+        async def root(username: str = Form(), password: str = Form()):
+            return username  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_form_file(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.multipart.parse_options_header", raising=False)
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_incorrect_install_error):
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.post("/")
+        async def root(username: str = Form(), f: UploadFile = File()):
+            return username  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_no_multipart_installed(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.__version__", raising=False)
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_not_installed_error):
+            app = FastAPI()
+
+            @app.post("/")
+            async def root(username: str = Form()):
+                return username  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_no_multipart_installed_file(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.__version__", raising=False)
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_not_installed_error):
+            app = FastAPI()
+
+            @app.post("/")
+            async def root(f: UploadFile = File()):
+                return f  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_no_multipart_installed_file_bytes(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.__version__", raising=False)
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_not_installed_error):
+            app = FastAPI()
+
+            @app.post("/")
+            async def root(f: bytes = File()):
+                return f  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_no_multipart_installed_multi_form(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.__version__", raising=False)
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_not_installed_error):
+            app = FastAPI()
+
+            @app.post("/")
+            async def root(username: str = Form(), password: str = Form()):
+                return username  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_no_multipart_installed_form_file(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.__version__", raising=False)
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_not_installed_error):
+            app = FastAPI()
+
+            @app.post("/")
+            async def root(username: str = Form(), f: UploadFile = File()):
+                return username  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def test_old_multipart_installed(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr("python_multipart.__version__", "0.0.12")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.post("/")
+        async def root(username: str = Form()):
+            return username  # pragma: nocover

tests/test_no_schema_split.py

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# Test with parts from, and to verify the report in:
+# https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/discussions/14177
+# Made an issue in:
+# https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/14247
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from inline_snapshot import snapshot
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+from tests.utils import pydantic_snapshot
+
+
+class MessageEventType(str, Enum):
+    alpha = "alpha"
+    beta = "beta"
+
+
+class MessageEvent(BaseModel):
+    event_type: MessageEventType = Field(default=MessageEventType.alpha)
+    output: str
+
+
+class MessageOutput(BaseModel):
+    body: str = ""
+    events: List[MessageEvent] = []
+
+
+class Message(BaseModel):
+    input: str
+    output: MessageOutput
+
+
+app = FastAPI(title="Minimal FastAPI App", version="1.0.0")
+
+
+@app.post("/messages", response_model=Message)
+async def create_message(input_message: str) -> Message:
+    return Message(
+        input=input_message,
+        output=MessageOutput(body=f"Processed: {input_message}"),
+    )
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_create_message():
+    response = client.post("/messages", params={"input_message": "Hello"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "input": "Hello",
+        "output": {"body": "Processed: Hello", "events": []},
+    }
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == snapshot(
+        {
+            "openapi": "3.1.0",
+            "info": {"title": "Minimal FastAPI App", "version": "1.0.0"},
+            "paths": {
+                "/messages": {
+                    "post": {
+                        "summary": "Create Message",
+                        "operationId": "create_message_messages_post",
+                        "parameters": [
+                            {
+                                "name": "input_message",
+                                "in": "query",
+                                "required": True,
+                                "schema": {"type": "string", "title": "Input Message"},
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "responses": {
+                            "200": {
+                                "description": "Successful Response",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Message"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            },
+                            "422": {
+                                "description": "Validation Error",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            },
+                        },
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            "components": {
+                "schemas": {
+                    "HTTPValidationError": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "detail": {
+                                "items": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"
+                                },
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "title": "Detail",
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    },
+                    "Message": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "input": {"type": "string", "title": "Input"},
+                            "output": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/MessageOutput"},
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["input", "output"],
+                        "title": "Message",
+                    },
+                    "MessageEvent": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "event_type": pydantic_snapshot(
+                                v2=snapshot(
+                                    {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/MessageEventType",
+                                        "default": "alpha",
+                                    }
+                                ),
+                                v1=snapshot(
+                                    {
+                                        "allOf": [
+                                            {
+                                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/MessageEventType"
+                                            }
+                                        ],
+                                        "default": "alpha",
+                                    }
+                                ),
+                            ),
+                            "output": {"type": "string", "title": "Output"},
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["output"],
+                        "title": "MessageEvent",
+                    },
+                    "MessageEventType": pydantic_snapshot(
+                        v2=snapshot(
+                            {
+                                "type": "string",
+                                "enum": ["alpha", "beta"],
+                                "title": "MessageEventType",
+                            }
+                        ),
+                        v1=snapshot(
+                            {
+                                "type": "string",
+                                "enum": ["alpha", "beta"],
+                                "title": "MessageEventType",
+                                "description": "An enumeration.",
+                            }
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    "MessageOutput": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "body": {"type": "string", "title": "Body", "default": ""},
+                            "events": {
+                                "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/MessageEvent"},
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "title": "Events",
+                                "default": [],
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "title": "MessageOutput",
+                    },
+                    "ValidationError": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "loc": {
+                                "items": {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                                },
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "title": "Location",
+                            },
+                            "msg": {"type": "string", "title": "Message"},
+                            "type": {"type": "string", "title": "Error Type"},
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                        "title": "ValidationError",
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        }
+    )

tests/test_no_swagger_ui_redirect.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI(swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url=None)
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    return {"id": "foo"}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_swagger_ui():
+    response = client.get("/docs")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    assert "swagger-ui-dist" in response.text
+    print(client.base_url)
+    assert "oauth2RedirectUrl" not in response.text
+
+
+def test_swagger_ui_no_oauth2_redirect():
+    response = client.get("/docs/oauth2-redirect")
+    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
+
+
+def test_response():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.json() == {"id": "foo"}

tests/test_openapi_examples.py

@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import Body, Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    data: str
+
+
+@app.post("/examples/")
+def examples(
+    item: Item = Body(
+        examples=[
+            {"data": "Data in Body examples, example1"},
+        ],
+        openapi_examples={
+            "Example One": {
+                "summary": "Example One Summary",
+                "description": "Example One Description",
+                "value": {"data": "Data in Body examples, example1"},
+            },
+            "Example Two": {
+                "value": {"data": "Data in Body examples, example2"},
+            },
+        },
+    ),
+):
+    return item
+
+
+@app.get("/path_examples/{item_id}")
+def path_examples(
+    item_id: str = Path(
+        examples=[
+            "json_schema_item_1",
+            "json_schema_item_2",
+        ],
+        openapi_examples={
+            "Path One": {
+                "summary": "Path One Summary",
+                "description": "Path One Description",
+                "value": "item_1",
+            },
+            "Path Two": {
+                "value": "item_2",
+            },
+        },
+    ),
+):
+    return item_id
+
+
+@app.get("/query_examples/")
+def query_examples(
+    data: Union[str, None] = Query(
+        default=None,
+        examples=[
+            "json_schema_query1",
+            "json_schema_query2",
+        ],
+        openapi_examples={
+            "Query One": {
+                "summary": "Query One Summary",
+                "description": "Query One Description",
+                "value": "query1",
+            },
+            "Query Two": {
+                "value": "query2",
+            },
+        },
+    ),
+):
+    return data
+
+
+@app.get("/header_examples/")
+def header_examples(
+    data: Union[str, None] = Header(
+        default=None,
+        examples=[
+            "json_schema_header1",
+            "json_schema_header2",
+        ],
+        openapi_examples={
+            "Header One": {
+                "summary": "Header One Summary",
+                "description": "Header One Description",
+                "value": "header1",
+            },
+            "Header Two": {
+                "value": "header2",
+            },
+        },
+    ),
+):
+    return data
+
+
+@app.get("/cookie_examples/")
+def cookie_examples(
+    data: Union[str, None] = Cookie(
+        default=None,
+        examples=["json_schema_cookie1", "json_schema_cookie2"],
+        openapi_examples={
+            "Cookie One": {
+                "summary": "Cookie One Summary",
+                "description": "Cookie One Description",
+                "value": "cookie1",
+            },
+            "Cookie Two": {
+                "value": "cookie2",
+            },
+        },
+    ),
+):
+    return data
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_call_api():
+    response = client.post("/examples/", json={"data": "example1"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+
+    response = client.get("/path_examples/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+
+    response = client.get("/query_examples/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+
+    response = client.get("/header_examples/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+
+    response = client.get("/cookie_examples/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/examples/": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "Examples",
+                    "operationId": "examples_examples__post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": IsDict(
+                                    {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item",
+                                        "examples": [
+                                            {"data": "Data in Body examples, example1"}
+                                        ],
+                                    }
+                                )
+                                | IsDict(
+                                    {
+                                        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                        "allOf": [
+                                            {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                                        ],
+                                        "title": "Item",
+                                        "examples": [
+                                            {"data": "Data in Body examples, example1"}
+                                        ],
+                                    }
+                                ),
+                                "examples": {
+                                    "Example One": {
+                                        "summary": "Example One Summary",
+                                        "description": "Example One Description",
+                                        "value": {
+                                            "data": "Data in Body examples, example1"
+                                        },
+                                    },
+                                    "Example Two": {
+                                        "value": {
+                                            "data": "Data in Body examples, example2"
+                                        }
+                                    },
+                                },
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/path_examples/{item_id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Path Examples",
+                    "operationId": "path_examples_path_examples__item_id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "item_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {
+                                "type": "string",
+                                "examples": [
+                                    "json_schema_item_1",
+                                    "json_schema_item_2",
+                                ],
+                                "title": "Item Id",
+                            },
+                            "examples": {
+                                "Path One": {
+                                    "summary": "Path One Summary",
+                                    "description": "Path One Description",
+                                    "value": "item_1",
+                                },
+                                "Path Two": {"value": "item_2"},
+                            },
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/query_examples/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Query Examples",
+                    "operationId": "query_examples_query_examples__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "data",
+                            "in": "query",
+                            "required": False,
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                    "examples": [
+                                        "json_schema_query1",
+                                        "json_schema_query2",
+                                    ],
+                                    "title": "Data",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            | IsDict(
+                                # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                {
+                                    "examples": [
+                                        "json_schema_query1",
+                                        "json_schema_query2",
+                                    ],
+                                    "type": "string",
+                                    "title": "Data",
+                                }
+                            ),
+                            "examples": {
+                                "Query One": {
+                                    "summary": "Query One Summary",
+                                    "description": "Query One Description",
+                                    "value": "query1",
+                                },
+                                "Query Two": {"value": "query2"},
+                            },
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/header_examples/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Header Examples",
+                    "operationId": "header_examples_header_examples__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "data",
+                            "in": "header",
+                            "required": False,
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                    "examples": [
+                                        "json_schema_header1",
+                                        "json_schema_header2",
+                                    ],
+                                    "title": "Data",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            | IsDict(
+                                # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                {
+                                    "type": "string",
+                                    "examples": [
+                                        "json_schema_header1",
+                                        "json_schema_header2",
+                                    ],
+                                    "title": "Data",
+                                }
+                            ),
+                            "examples": {
+                                "Header One": {
+                                    "summary": "Header One Summary",
+                                    "description": "Header One Description",
+                                    "value": "header1",
+                                },
+                                "Header Two": {"value": "header2"},
+                            },
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/cookie_examples/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Cookie Examples",
+                    "operationId": "cookie_examples_cookie_examples__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "data",
+                            "in": "cookie",
+                            "required": False,
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                    "examples": [
+                                        "json_schema_cookie1",
+                                        "json_schema_cookie2",
+                                    ],
+                                    "title": "Data",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            | IsDict(
+                                # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                {
+                                    "type": "string",
+                                    "examples": [
+                                        "json_schema_cookie1",
+                                        "json_schema_cookie2",
+                                    ],
+                                    "title": "Data",
+                                }
+                            ),
+                            "examples": {
+                                "Cookie One": {
+                                    "summary": "Cookie One Summary",
+                                    "description": "Cookie One Description",
+                                    "value": "cookie1",
+                                },
+                                "Cookie Two": {"value": "cookie2"},
+                            },
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                },
+                "Item": {
+                    "properties": {"data": {"type": "string", "title": "Data"}},
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["data"],
+                    "title": "Item",
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Location",
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"type": "string", "title": "Message"},
+                        "type": {"type": "string", "title": "Error Type"},
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_openapi_model_description_trim_on_formfeed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class MyModel(BaseModel):
+    """
+    A model with a form feed character in the title.
+    \f
+    Text after form feed character.
+    """
+
+
+@app.get("/foo")
+def foo(v: MyModel):  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_openapi():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    openapi_schema = response.json()
+
+    assert openapi_schema["components"]["schemas"]["MyModel"]["description"] == (
+        "A model with a form feed character in the title.\n"
+    )

tests/test_openapi_query_parameter_extension.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from dirty_equals import IsDict
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/",
+    openapi_extra={
+        "parameters": [
+            {
+                "required": False,
+                "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 1"},
+                "name": "extra_param_1",
+                "in": "query",
+            },
+            {
+                "required": True,
+                "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 2"},
+                "name": "extra_param_2",
+                "in": "query",
+            },
+        ]
+    },
+)
+def route_with_extra_query_parameters(standard_query_param: Optional[int] = 50):
+    return {}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_get_route():
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {}
+
+
+def test_openapi():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Route With Extra Query Parameters",
+                    "operationId": "route_with_extra_query_parameters__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": False,
+                            "schema": IsDict(
+                                {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "integer"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                    "default": 50,
+                                    "title": "Standard Query Param",
+                                }
+                            )
+                            | IsDict(
+                                # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                                {
+                                    "title": "Standard Query Param",
+                                    "type": "integer",
+                                    "default": 50,
+                                }
+                            ),
+                            "name": "standard_query_param",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "required": False,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 1"},
+                            "name": "extra_param_1",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 2"},
+                            "name": "extra_param_2",
+                            "in": "query",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_openapi_route_extensions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/", openapi_extra={"x-custom-extension": "value"})
+def route_with_extras():
+    return {}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_get_route():
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {}
+
+
+def test_openapi():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "summary": "Route With Extras",
+                    "operationId": "route_with_extras__get",
+                    "x-custom-extension": "value",
+                }
+            },
+        },
+    }

tests/test_openapi_schema_type.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.openapi.models import Schema, SchemaType
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "type_value",
+    [
+        "array",
+        ["string", "null"],
+        None,
+    ],
+)
+def test_allowed_schema_type(
+    type_value: Optional[Union[SchemaType, List[SchemaType]]],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that Schema accepts SchemaType, List[SchemaType] and None for type field."""
+    schema = Schema(type=type_value)
+    assert schema.type == type_value
+
+
+def test_invalid_type_value() -> None:
+    """Test that Schema raises ValueError for invalid type values."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="2 validation errors for Schema"):
+        Schema(type=True)  # type: ignore[arg-type]

tests/test_openapi_separate_input_output_schemas.py

@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from inline_snapshot import snapshot
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+from .utils import PYDANTIC_V2, needs_pydanticv2
+
+
+class SubItem(BaseModel):
+    subname: str
+    sub_description: Optional[str] = None
+    tags: List[str] = []
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        model_config = {"json_schema_serialization_defaults_required": True}
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: Optional[str] = None
+    sub: Optional[SubItem] = None
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        model_config = {"json_schema_serialization_defaults_required": True}
+
+
+if PYDANTIC_V2:
+    from pydantic import computed_field
+
+    class WithComputedField(BaseModel):
+        name: str
+
+        @computed_field
+        @property
+        def computed_field(self) -> str:
+            return f"computed {self.name}"
+
+
+def get_app_client(separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True) -> TestClient:
+    app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas)
+
+    @app.post("/items/", responses={402: {"model": Item}})
+    def create_item(item: Item) -> Item:
+        return item
+
+    @app.post("/items-list/")
+    def create_item_list(item: List[Item]):
+        return item
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    def read_items() -> List[Item]:
+        return [
+            Item(
+                name="Portal Gun",
+                description="Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse",
+                sub=SubItem(subname="subname"),
+            ),
+            Item(name="Plumbus"),
+        ]
+
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+
+        @app.post("/with-computed-field/")
+        def create_with_computed_field(
+            with_computed_field: WithComputedField,
+        ) -> WithComputedField:
+            return with_computed_field
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+def test_create_item():
+    client = get_app_client()
+    client_no = get_app_client(separate_input_output_schemas=False)
+    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Plumbus"})
+    response2 = client_no.post("/items/", json={"name": "Plumbus"})
+    assert response.status_code == response2.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert (
+        response.json()
+        == response2.json()
+        == {"name": "Plumbus", "description": None, "sub": None}
+    )
+
+
+def test_create_item_with_sub():
+    client = get_app_client()
+    client_no = get_app_client(separate_input_output_schemas=False)
+    data = {
+        "name": "Plumbus",
+        "sub": {"subname": "SubPlumbus", "sub_description": "Sub WTF"},
+    }
+    response = client.post("/items/", json=data)
+    response2 = client_no.post("/items/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == response2.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert (
+        response.json()
+        == response2.json()
+        == {
+            "name": "Plumbus",
+            "description": None,
+            "sub": {"subname": "SubPlumbus", "sub_description": "Sub WTF", "tags": []},
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_create_item_list():
+    client = get_app_client()
+    client_no = get_app_client(separate_input_output_schemas=False)
+    data = [
+        {"name": "Plumbus"},
+        {
+            "name": "Portal Gun",
+            "description": "Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse",
+        },
+    ]
+    response = client.post("/items-list/", json=data)
+    response2 = client_no.post("/items-list/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == response2.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert (
+        response.json()
+        == response2.json()
+        == [
+            {"name": "Plumbus", "description": None, "sub": None},
+            {
+                "name": "Portal Gun",
+                "description": "Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse",
+                "sub": None,
+            },
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+def test_read_items():
+    client = get_app_client()
+    client_no = get_app_client(separate_input_output_schemas=False)
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    response2 = client_no.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == response2.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert (
+        response.json()
+        == response2.json()
+        == [
+            {
+                "name": "Portal Gun",
+                "description": "Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse",
+                "sub": {"subname": "subname", "sub_description": None, "tags": []},
+            },
+            {"name": "Plumbus", "description": None, "sub": None},
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_with_computed_field():
+    client = get_app_client()
+    client_no = get_app_client(separate_input_output_schemas=False)
+    response = client.post("/with-computed-field/", json={"name": "example"})
+    response2 = client_no.post("/with-computed-field/", json={"name": "example"})
+    assert response.status_code == response2.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert (
+        response.json()
+        == response2.json()
+        == {
+            "name": "example",
+            "computed_field": "computed example",
+        }
+    )
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    client = get_app_client()
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == snapshot(
+        {
+            "openapi": "3.1.0",
+            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+            "paths": {
+                "/items/": {
+                    "get": {
+                        "summary": "Read Items",
+                        "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                        "responses": {
+                            "200": {
+                                "description": "Successful Response",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "items": {
+                                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item-Output"
+                                            },
+                                            "type": "array",
+                                            "title": "Response Read Items Items  Get",
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "post": {
+                        "summary": "Create Item",
+                        "operationId": "create_item_items__post",
+                        "requestBody": {
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item-Input"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": True,
+                        },
+                        "responses": {
+                            "200": {
+                                "description": "Successful Response",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item-Output"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            },
+                            "402": {
+                                "description": "Payment Required",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item-Output"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            },
+                            "422": {
+                                "description": "Validation Error",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                "/items-list/": {
+                    "post": {
+                        "summary": "Create Item List",
+                        "operationId": "create_item_list_items_list__post",
+                        "requestBody": {
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "items": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item-Input"
+                                        },
+                                        "type": "array",
+                                        "title": "Item",
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": True,
+                        },
+                        "responses": {
+                            "200": {
+                                "description": "Successful Response",
+                                "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                            },
+                            "422": {
+                                "description": "Validation Error",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            },
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+                "/with-computed-field/": {
+                    "post": {
+                        "summary": "Create With Computed Field",
+                        "operationId": "create_with_computed_field_with_computed_field__post",
+                        "requestBody": {
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/WithComputedField-Input"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": True,
+                        },
+                        "responses": {
+                            "200": {
+                                "description": "Successful Response",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/WithComputedField-Output"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            },
+                            "422": {
+                                "description": "Validation Error",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "application/json": {
+                                        "schema": {
+                                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            "components": {
+                "schemas": {
+                    "HTTPValidationError": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "detail": {
+                                "items": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"
+                                },
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "title": "Detail",
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    },
+                    "Item-Input": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "name": {"type": "string", "title": "Name"},
+                            "description": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                "title": "Description",
+                            },
+                            "sub": {
+                                "anyOf": [
+                                    {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/SubItem-Input"},
+                                    {"type": "null"},
+                                ]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["name"],
+                        "title": "Item",
+                    },
+                    "Item-Output": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "name": {"type": "string", "title": "Name"},
+                            "description": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                "title": "Description",
+                            },
+                            "sub": {
+                                "anyOf": [
+                                    {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/SubItem-Output"},
+                                    {"type": "null"},
+                                ]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["name", "description", "sub"],
+                        "title": "Item",
+                    },
+                    "SubItem-Input": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "subname": {"type": "string", "title": "Subname"},
+                            "sub_description": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                "title": "Sub Description",
+                            },
+                            "tags": {
+                                "items": {"type": "string"},
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "title": "Tags",
+                                "default": [],
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["subname"],
+                        "title": "SubItem",
+                    },
+                    "SubItem-Output": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "subname": {"type": "string", "title": "Subname"},
+                            "sub_description": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                                "title": "Sub Description",
+                            },
+                            "tags": {
+                                "items": {"type": "string"},
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "title": "Tags",
+                                "default": [],
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["subname", "sub_description", "tags"],
+                        "title": "SubItem",
+                    },
+                    "WithComputedField-Input": {
+                        "properties": {"name": {"type": "string", "title": "Name"}},
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["name"],
+                        "title": "WithComputedField",
+                    },
+                    "WithComputedField-Output": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "name": {"type": "string", "title": "Name"},
+                            "computed_field": {
+                                "type": "string",
+                                "title": "Computed Field",
+                                "readOnly": True,
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["name", "computed_field"],
+                        "title": "WithComputedField",
+                    },
+                    "ValidationError": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "loc": {
+                                "items": {
+                                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                                },
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "title": "Location",
+                            },
+                            "msg": {"type": "string", "title": "Message"},
+                            "type": {"type": "string", "title": "Error Type"},
+                        },
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                        "title": "ValidationError",
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        }
+    )
+
+
+@needs_pydanticv2
+def test_openapi_schema_no_separate():
+    client = get_app_client(separate_input_output_schemas=False)
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/items/": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Read Items",
+                    "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
+                                        "type": "array",
+                                        "title": "Response Read Items Items  Get",
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "Create Item",
+                    "operationId": "create_item_items__post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "402": {
+                            "description": "Payment Required",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            "/items-list/": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "Create Item List",
+                    "operationId": "create_item_list_items_list__post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
+                                    "type": "array",
+                                    "title": "Item",
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/with-computed-field/": {
+                "post": {
+                    "summary": "Create With Computed Field",
+                    "operationId": "create_with_computed_field_with_computed_field__post",
+                    "requestBody": {
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/WithComputedField-Input"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": True,
+                    },
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/WithComputedField-Output"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                },
+                "Item": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "name": {"type": "string", "title": "Name"},
+                        "description": {
+                            "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                            "title": "Description",
+                        },
+                        "sub": {
+                            "anyOf": [
+                                {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/SubItem"},
+                                {"type": "null"},
+                            ]
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["name"],
+                    "title": "Item",
+                },
+                "SubItem": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "subname": {"type": "string", "title": "Subname"},
+                        "sub_description": {
+                            "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+                            "title": "Sub Description",
+                        },
+                        "tags": {
+                            "items": {"type": "string"},
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Tags",
+                            "default": [],
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["subname"],
+                    "title": "SubItem",
+                },
+                "WithComputedField-Input": {
+                    "properties": {"name": {"type": "string", "title": "Name"}},
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["name"],
+                    "title": "WithComputedField",
+                },
+                "WithComputedField-Output": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "name": {"type": "string", "title": "Name"},
+                        "computed_field": {
+                            "type": "string",
+                            "title": "Computed Field",
+                            "readOnly": True,
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["name", "computed_field"],
+                    "title": "WithComputedField",
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "title": "Location",
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"type": "string", "title": "Message"},
+                        "type": {"type": "string", "title": "Error Type"},
+                    },
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_openapi_servers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI(
+    servers=[
+        {"url": "/", "description": "Default, relative server"},
+        {
+            "url": "http://staging.localhost.tiangolo.com:8000",
+            "description": "Staging but actually localhost still",
+        },
+        {"url": "https://prod.example.com"},
+    ]
+)
+
+
+@app.get("/foo")
+def foo():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_app():
+    response = client.get("/foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "servers": [
+            {"url": "/", "description": "Default, relative server"},
+            {
+                "url": IsOneOf(
+                    "http://staging.localhost.tiangolo.com:8000/",
+                    # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                    "http://staging.localhost.tiangolo.com:8000",
+                ),
+                "description": "Staging but actually localhost still",
+            },
+            {
+                "url": IsOneOf(
+                    "https://prod.example.com/",
+                    # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+                    "https://prod.example.com",
+                )
+            },
+        ],
+        "paths": {
+            "/foo": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Foo",
+                    "operationId": "foo_foo_get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_operations_signatures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import inspect
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+method_names = ["get", "put", "post", "delete", "options", "head", "patch", "trace"]
+
+
+def test_signatures_consistency():
+    base_sig = inspect.signature(APIRouter.get)
+    for method_name in method_names:
+        router_method = getattr(APIRouter, method_name)
+        app_method = getattr(FastAPI, method_name)
+        router_sig = inspect.signature(router_method)
+        app_sig = inspect.signature(app_method)
+        param: inspect.Parameter
+        for key, param in base_sig.parameters.items():
+            router_param: inspect.Parameter = router_sig.parameters[key]
+            app_param: inspect.Parameter = app_sig.parameters[key]
+            assert param.annotation == router_param.annotation
+            assert param.annotation == app_param.annotation
+            assert param.default == router_param.default
+            assert param.default == app_param.default

tests/test_optional_file_list.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files")
+async def upload_files(files: Optional[List[bytes]] = File(None)):
+    if files is None:
+        return {"files_count": 0}
+    return {"files_count": len(files), "sizes": [len(f) for f in files]}
+
+
+def test_optional_bytes_list():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.post(
+        "/files",
+        files=[("files", b"content1"), ("files", b"content2")],
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"files_count": 2, "sizes": [8, 8]}
+
+
+def test_optional_bytes_list_no_files():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.post("/files")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"files_count": 0}

tests/test_orjson_response_class.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import quoted_name
+
+app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
+
+
+@app.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
+def get_orjson_non_str_keys():
+    key = quoted_name(value="msg", quote=False)
+    return {key: "Hello World", 1: 1}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_orjson_non_str_keys():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World", "1": 1}

tests/test_param_class.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.params import Param
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+def read_items(q: Optional[str] = Param(default=None)):  # type: ignore
+    return {"q": q}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_default_param_query_none():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"q": None}
+
+
+def test_default_param_query():
+    response = client.get("/items/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"q": "foo"}

tests/test_param_in_path_and_dependency.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def user_exists(user_id: int):
+    return True
+
+
+@app.get("/users/{user_id}", dependencies=[Depends(user_exists)])
+async def read_users(user_id: int):
+    pass
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_read_users():
+    response = client.get("/users/42")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/users/{user_id}": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "Read Users",
+                    "operationId": "read_users_users__user_id__get",
+                    "parameters": [
+                        {
+                            "required": True,
+                            "schema": {"title": "User Id", "type": "integer"},
+                            "name": "user_id",
+                            "in": "path",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                        },
+                        "422": {
+                            "description": "Validation Error",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "HTTPValidationError": {
+                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "detail": {
+                            "title": "Detail",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                "ValidationError": {
+                    "title": "ValidationError",
+                    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "loc": {
+                            "title": "Location",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
+                            },
+                        },
+                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }

tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_cookie")
+async def hidden_cookie(
+    hidden_cookie: Optional[str] = Cookie(default=None, include_in_schema=False),
+):
+    return {"hidden_cookie": hidden_cookie}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_header")
+async def hidden_header(
+    hidden_header: Optional[str] = Header(default=None, include_in_schema=False),
+):
+    return {"hidden_header": hidden_header}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_path/{hidden_path}")
+async def hidden_path(hidden_path: str = Path(include_in_schema=False)):
+    return {"hidden_path": hidden_path}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_query")
+async def hidden_query(
+    hidden_query: Optional[str] = Query(default=None, include_in_schema=False),
+):
+    return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
+
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.1.0",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/hidden_cookie": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Cookie",
+                "operationId": "hidden_cookie_hidden_cookie_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_header": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Header",
+                "operationId": "hidden_header_hidden_header_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_path/{hidden_path}": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Path",
+                "operationId": "hidden_path_hidden_path__hidden_path__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_query": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Query",
+                "operationId": "hidden_query_hidden_query_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,cookies,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_cookie",
+            {},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_cookie": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_cookie",
+            {"hidden_cookie": "somevalue"},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_cookie": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_cookie(path, cookies, expected_status, expected_response):
+    client = TestClient(app, cookies=cookies)
+    response = client.get(path)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,headers,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_header",
+            {},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_header": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_header",
+            {"Hidden-Header": "somevalue"},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_header": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_header(path, headers, expected_status, expected_response):
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
+
+
+def test_hidden_path():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/hidden_path/hidden_path")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_path": "hidden_path"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_query",
+            200,
+            {"hidden_query": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_query?hidden_query=somevalue",
+            200,
+            {"hidden_query": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_query(path, expected_status, expected_response):
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get(path)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response

tests/test_params_repr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+from typing import Any, List
+
+from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
+from fastapi.params import Body, Cookie, Header, Param, Path, Query
+
+test_data: List[Any] = ["teststr", None, ..., 1, []]
+
+
+def get_user():
+    return {}  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def test_param_repr_str():
+    assert repr(Param("teststr")) == "Param(teststr)"
+
+
+def test_param_repr_none():
+    assert repr(Param(None)) == "Param(None)"
+
+
+def test_param_repr_ellipsis():
+    assert repr(Param(...)) == IsOneOf(
+        "Param(PydanticUndefined)",
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        "Param(Ellipsis)",
+    )
+
+
+def test_param_repr_number():
+    assert repr(Param(1)) == "Param(1)"
+
+
+def test_param_repr_list():
+    assert repr(Param([])) == "Param([])"
+
+
+def test_path_repr():
+    assert repr(Path()) == IsOneOf(
+        "Path(PydanticUndefined)",
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        "Path(Ellipsis)",
+    )
+    assert repr(Path(...)) == IsOneOf(
+        "Path(PydanticUndefined)",
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        "Path(Ellipsis)",
+    )
+
+
+def test_query_repr_str():
+    assert repr(Query("teststr")) == "Query(teststr)"
+
+
+def test_query_repr_none():
+    assert repr(Query(None)) == "Query(None)"
+
+
+def test_query_repr_ellipsis():
+    assert repr(Query(...)) == IsOneOf(
+        "Query(PydanticUndefined)",
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        "Query(Ellipsis)",
+    )
+
+
+def test_query_repr_number():
+    assert repr(Query(1)) == "Query(1)"
+
+
+def test_query_repr_list():
+    assert repr(Query([])) == "Query([])"
+
+
+def test_header_repr_str():
+    assert repr(Header("teststr")) == "Header(teststr)"
+
+
+def test_header_repr_none():
+    assert repr(Header(None)) == "Header(None)"
+
+
+def test_header_repr_ellipsis():
+    assert repr(Header(...)) == IsOneOf(
+        "Header(PydanticUndefined)",
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        "Header(Ellipsis)",
+    )
+
+
+def test_header_repr_number():
+    assert repr(Header(1)) == "Header(1)"
+
+
+def test_header_repr_list():
+    assert repr(Header([])) == "Header([])"
+
+
+def test_cookie_repr_str():
+    assert repr(Cookie("teststr")) == "Cookie(teststr)"
+
+
+def test_cookie_repr_none():
+    assert repr(Cookie(None)) == "Cookie(None)"
+
+
+def test_cookie_repr_ellipsis():
+    assert repr(Cookie(...)) == IsOneOf(
+        "Cookie(PydanticUndefined)",
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        "Cookie(Ellipsis)",
+    )
+
+
+def test_cookie_repr_number():
+    assert repr(Cookie(1)) == "Cookie(1)"
+
+
+def test_cookie_repr_list():
+    assert repr(Cookie([])) == "Cookie([])"
+
+
+def test_body_repr_str():
+    assert repr(Body("teststr")) == "Body(teststr)"
+
+
+def test_body_repr_none():
+    assert repr(Body(None)) == "Body(None)"
+
+
+def test_body_repr_ellipsis():
+    assert repr(Body(...)) == IsOneOf(
+        "Body(PydanticUndefined)",
+        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        "Body(Ellipsis)",
+    )
+
+
+def test_body_repr_number():
+    assert repr(Body(1)) == "Body(1)"
+
+
+def test_body_repr_list():
+    assert repr(Body([])) == "Body([])"