//! Deterministic seed derivation and the generation RNG primitive (D-224).
//!
//! [`SeedChain`] is the single sanctioned path from the master world seed to any
//! per-body / per-layer / per-district sub-stream. Derivation is domain-separated
//! `splitmix64` mixing: deterministic, full-avalanche, integer-only (D-010 #4),
//! and chainable (`root → Body → Layer3Settlement → Quarter → Block`).
//!
//! This module is the home of every deterministic-seeding primitive:
//! - [`splitmix64`] — the one canonical mixer, shared with
//!   [`crate::simulation::rng`], where `EntityRng` first introduced it
//!   specifically to avoid the `wrapping_add` collision class
//!   (`(seed=0,id=N) == (seed=1,id=N-1)`).
//! - [`AtlasRng`] — the integer-only LCG stream used by the generation cascade,
//!   normally produced via [`SeedChain::atlas_rng`].
//! - [`SeedChain`] / [`SeedDomain`] — the derivation contract itself.

/// SplitMix64 finalizer — strong avalanche, applied to every seed input.
///
/// Steele, Lea & Flood (2014). Integer-only (D-010 #4). `splitmix64(0)` returns
/// the documented reference value `0xe220a8397b1dcdaf`.
pub(crate) fn splitmix64(mut x: u64) -> u64 {
    x = x.wrapping_add(0x9e3779b97f4a7c15);
    x = (x ^ (x >> 30)).wrapping_mul(0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9);
    x = (x ^ (x >> 27)).wrapping_mul(0x94d049bb133111eb);
    x ^ (x >> 31)
}

/// FNV-1a (64-bit) hash of a string — the repo's deterministic `&str → u64`
/// convention (matches `TemplateId`/`TriangleId` in `simulation::triangle` and
/// the `observer` snapshot hash). The single sanctioned way to turn a string
/// `body_id` into a `SeedDomain::Body` id (D-224), so two callers can never
/// derive different worlds from the same seed via different ad-hoc hashes.
pub(crate) fn fnv1a_64(s: &str) -> u64 {
    let mut hash: u64 = 0xcbf2_9ce4_8422_2325; // FNV-1a offset basis
    for byte in s.bytes() {
        hash ^= byte as u64;
        hash = hash.wrapping_mul(0x100_0000_01b3); // FNV-1a prime
    }
    hash
}

/// Seeded linear congruential generator (D-010).
///
/// Knuth's LCG parameters — integer-only arithmetic, no `f32`, D-010 compliant.
/// The generation cascade's pseudorandom stream. Normally seeded through
/// [`SeedChain::atlas_rng`]; `SeedChain` output is well-distributed, so no
/// caller-side pre-mixing is needed.
pub struct AtlasRng {
    state: u64,
}

impl AtlasRng {
    /// Create a new RNG from a seed.
    ///
    /// A `SeedChain`-derived seed is already well-distributed. If seeding from a
    /// raw value that could realistically be 0, mix it first (or derive it
    /// through [`SeedChain`]).
    pub fn new(seed: u64) -> Self {
        Self { state: seed }
    }

    fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
        self.state = self
            .state
            .wrapping_mul(6364136223846793005)
            .wrapping_add(1442695040888963407);
        self.state
    }

    /// Next pseudorandom `u32` (top 31 bits of the LCG state).
    pub fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
        (self.next_u64() >> 33) as u32
    }
}

/// Seed-derivation domain (D-224).
///
/// Each variant is a distinct domain tag, so a per-body stream and a per-district
/// stream derived with the same `id` never share a sequence. The discriminants
/// are explicit and **stable**: changing one re-rolls every world that derives a
/// seed through it, so they are append-only — never renumber an existing variant.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(u64)]
pub enum SeedDomain {
    /// Per-body generation (keyed by body StableId).
    Body = 1,
    /// Layer 1 topography (reserved — currently RNG-free; see D-224 scope note).
    Layer1Topography = 2,
    /// Layer 3 settlement placement (keyed by candidate/site index).
    Layer3Settlement = 3,
    /// Layer 4 quarter skeleton (keyed by quarter index).
    Layer4Quarter = 4,
    /// Block-level detail (keyed by block index within a quarter).
    Block = 5,
    /// NPC generation (keyed by NPC StableId).
    Npc = 6,
    /// Anti-squaring domain warp (D-239 §4, T-1026).
    /// Keyed by per-tile position id (see `atlas::domain_warp::pos_to_id`).
    DomainWarp = 7,
    /// ChunkContext derivation (64 m carrier, D-239 §1, T-1028).
    /// Keyed by region-scale position id (see `atlas::chunk_context::pos_to_id`).
    ChunkContext = 8,
    /// Per-voxel sub-chunk derivation (1 m, D-239 §10, T-1028). Keyed by the
    /// post-warp integer voxel-position id. Distinct from `ChunkContext` so the
    /// voxel stream can never collide with the region-scale meander seed (D-224
    /// domain separation).
    Voxel = 9,
    /// Seasonal cover cluster scatter (D-239 §3, T-1030). Keyed by the coarse
    /// cluster-cell id (zigzag-encoded and Cantor-paired). Distinct from `Voxel`
    /// so the per-cluster cover hash can never collide with the per-voxel terrain
    /// stream — domain separation guarantees no freeze-to-terrain correlation.
    Cover = 10,
}

/// A position in the deterministic seed tree (D-224).
///
/// `Copy` and cheap to pass by value. Construct with [`SeedChain::root`] from the
/// master world seed, then descend with [`SeedChain::derive`]. Materialize an
/// [`AtlasRng`] with [`SeedChain::atlas_rng`], or read the raw seed with
/// [`SeedChain::seed`] to feed `SimRng::new` or to derive further.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SeedChain(u64);

impl SeedChain {
    /// Root of the chain — the master world seed.
    pub fn root(world_seed: u64) -> Self {
        Self(world_seed)
    }

    /// This body's position in the seed tree, from the master `world_seed` and
    /// its string `body_id` (D-224). The one canonical `body_id → u64` path:
    /// `root(world_seed).derive(Body, fnv1a_64(body_id))`. Use this everywhere a
    /// body needs a seed, so all callers agree on the mapping.
    pub fn for_body(world_seed: u64, body_id: &str) -> Self {
        Self::root(world_seed).derive(SeedDomain::Body, fnv1a_64(body_id))
    }

    /// Derive a child seed for `(domain, id)`.
    ///
    /// `splitmix64(self ^ splitmix64(domain)) ^ splitmix64(id)` (D-224, load-bearing).
    /// Deterministic, domain-separated, full-avalanche, integer-only.
    pub fn derive(self, domain: SeedDomain, id: u64) -> Self {
        Self(splitmix64(self.0 ^ splitmix64(domain as u64)) ^ splitmix64(id))
    }

    /// Materialize the integer-only generation RNG at this point in the chain.
    pub fn atlas_rng(self) -> AtlasRng {
        AtlasRng::new(self.0)
    }

    /// The raw derived seed — feed to `SimRng::new` or a further
    /// [`SeedChain::derive`].
    pub fn seed(self) -> u64 {
        self.0
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn splitmix64_known_vector() {
        // Documented SplitMix64 output for seed 0.
        assert_eq!(splitmix64(0), 0xe220a8397b1dcdaf);
    }

    #[test]
    fn splitmix64_avalanche() {
        // Adjacent inputs produce uncorrelated outputs (the property that makes
        // it preferable to wrapping_add).
        let a = splitmix64(1);
        let b = splitmix64(2);
        assert_ne!(a, b);
        assert!((a ^ b).count_ones() > 16, "weak avalanche between 1 and 2");
    }

    #[test]
    fn atlas_rng_deterministic_sequence() {
        let mut a = AtlasRng::new(42);
        let mut b = AtlasRng::new(42);
        for _ in 0..100 {
            assert_eq!(a.next_u32(), b.next_u32());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn atlas_rng_different_seeds_differ() {
        let mut a = AtlasRng::new(1);
        let mut b = AtlasRng::new(2);
        let vals_a: Vec<u32> = (0..10).map(|_| a.next_u32()).collect();
        let vals_b: Vec<u32> = (0..10).map(|_| b.next_u32()).collect();
        assert_ne!(vals_a, vals_b);
    }

    #[test]
    fn atlas_rng_from_seedchain_is_deterministic() {
        let chain = SeedChain::root(42).derive(SeedDomain::Body, 7);
        let mut a = chain.atlas_rng();
        let mut b = chain.atlas_rng();
        assert_eq!(a.next_u32(), b.next_u32());
    }

    #[test]
    fn derive_is_deterministic() {
        let a = SeedChain::root(42).derive(SeedDomain::Body, 7);
        let b = SeedChain::root(42).derive(SeedDomain::Body, 7);
        assert_eq!(a.seed(), b.seed());
    }

    #[test]
    fn domains_are_separated() {
        // Same root + same id, different domain → different stream.
        let root = SeedChain::root(42);
        let body = root.derive(SeedDomain::Body, 5).seed();
        let quarter = root.derive(SeedDomain::Layer4Quarter, 5).seed();
        let block = root.derive(SeedDomain::Block, 5).seed();
        assert_ne!(body, quarter);
        assert_ne!(body, block);
        assert_ne!(quarter, block);
    }

    #[test]
    fn ids_are_separated() {
        let root = SeedChain::root(42);
        assert_ne!(
            root.derive(SeedDomain::Body, 1).seed(),
            root.derive(SeedDomain::Body, 2).seed()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn different_world_seeds_diverge() {
        let a = SeedChain::root(1).derive(SeedDomain::Body, 7).seed();
        let b = SeedChain::root(2).derive(SeedDomain::Body, 7).seed();
        assert_ne!(a, b);
    }

    #[test]
    fn chains_compose_deterministically_and_order_matters() {
        let base = SeedChain::root(42).derive(SeedDomain::Body, 7);
        // Deterministic at each depth.
        assert_eq!(
            base.derive(SeedDomain::Block, 3).seed(),
            SeedChain::root(42)
                .derive(SeedDomain::Body, 7)
                .derive(SeedDomain::Block, 3)
                .seed()
        );
        // A deeper chain differs from deriving the same leaf off the root.
        assert_ne!(
            base.derive(SeedDomain::Block, 3).seed(),
            SeedChain::root(42).derive(SeedDomain::Block, 3).seed()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn seed_domain_discriminants_are_pinned() {
        // Load-bearing (D-224): renumbering a variant re-rolls every world that
        // derives through it. This guard fails CI the moment a tag changes —
        // append new variants, never renumber existing ones.
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::Body as u64, 1);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::Layer1Topography as u64, 2);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::Layer3Settlement as u64, 3);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::Layer4Quarter as u64, 4);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::Block as u64, 5);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::Npc as u64, 6);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::DomainWarp as u64, 7);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::ChunkContext as u64, 8);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::Voxel as u64, 9);
        assert_eq!(SeedDomain::Cover as u64, 10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn root_zero_is_non_degenerate() {
        // World seed 0 must still produce a well-distributed stream.
        let derived = SeedChain::root(0).derive(SeedDomain::Body, 0);
        assert_ne!(derived.seed(), 0, "derived seed must not be zero");
        let mut rng = derived.atlas_rng();
        assert_ne!(rng.next_u32(), 0, "RNG from world seed 0 must not stall");
    }

    #[test]
    fn for_body_deterministic_and_distinct() {
        assert_eq!(
            SeedChain::for_body(42, "GJ1c").seed(),
            SeedChain::for_body(42, "GJ1c").seed()
        );
        assert_ne!(
            SeedChain::for_body(42, "GJ1c").seed(),
            SeedChain::for_body(42, "GJ1d").seed()
        );
        // for_body is exactly root().derive(Body, fnv1a_64(id)).
        assert_eq!(
            SeedChain::for_body(42, "GJ1c").seed(),
            SeedChain::root(42)
                .derive(SeedDomain::Body, fnv1a_64("GJ1c"))
                .seed()
        );
    }
}