//! Generation cascade harness (#952, D-200).
//!
//! [`run_cascade`] runs the deterministic generation cascade for one body, from
//! Layer 0 (load the baked `heightmap.png`, D-202) up to a requested layer, and
//! returns a [`CascadeSnapshot`]. The harness is extensible: each new layer is
//! added to [`CascadeLayer`] and populated on the snapshot as it lands (#954+).
//! The golden-seed regression test (#952) diffs a snapshot against a stored
//! fixture.
//!
//! [`run_cascade_from_heightmap`] is the pure, in-memory core (no file I/O); the
//! path-loading [`run_cascade`] is a thin wrapper around it.
//!
//! **Determinism (D-010 #4):** for a fixed heightmap + [`SeedChain`], the
//! snapshot is reproducible. Layers 0–3 are RNG-free — Layers 0–1 are pure
//! functions of the heightmap, and Layer 3 is a pure function of
//! (attractors, cities). The carried `SeedChain` is reserved for the future
//! RNG-using layers (Layer 4+, D-224).

use std::path::Path;

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

use crate::atlas::attractor_matching::{
    match_cities, territorial_status_from_faction, CityPlacement, CityRecord,
};
use crate::atlas::body_world_state::{BodyWorldState, RiverNetwork};
use crate::atlas::features::TerrainAnalysis;
use crate::atlas::heightmap::{self, BodyHeightmap, HeightmapLoadError};
use crate::atlas::layer1::{self, Layer1Output};
use crate::atlas::region_profile::{self, BodyParams, RegionPos, RegionProfile};
use crate::seed::SeedChain;
use crate::simulation::generator::{CompatibilityMatrix, GeographicAttractor, TerritorialStatus};

/// Cascade layers in execution order (D-200). [`run_cascade`] runs every layer
/// up to and including the requested one. Append new layers as they are built;
/// the `Ord` derive relies on declaration order, so only ever append.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum CascadeLayer {
    /// Layer 0 — load the pre-baked 16-bit `heightmap.png` (D-202).
    Heightmap,
    /// Layer 1 — empty-world topography: drainage, feature tags, sub-biome (#953).
    Topography,
    /// Layer 3 — settlement placement: attractor-matched city positions (#955, D-211).
    /// Deterministic and RNG-free: a pure function of (attractors, cities) via
    /// `match_cities`. The carried `SeedChain` is unused here; later stochastic
    /// layers (Layer 4+) will consume it.
    Settlement,
    /// Layer — RegionProfile (~1 km carriers, D-239 §1, T-1023). Pure function of
    /// `(seed, body_params, terrain_analysis)`. Appended after Settlement so
    /// declaration order (= Ord) is preserved — never reorder (D-010).
    RegionProfile,
}

/// Output of the cascade for one body, up to the requested layer (#952).
///
/// Extensible: each layer's artifact is an `Option` that becomes `Some` once
/// that layer has run. Layer 0 (`heightmap`) is always present.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CascadeSnapshot {
    pub body_id: String,
    /// This body's root in the deterministic seed tree (D-224). Unused by the
    /// RNG-free Layers 0–1; carried for the RNG-using layers (Layer 3+).
    pub seed: SeedChain,
    /// Layer 0 — the loaded heightmap.
    pub heightmap: BodyHeightmap,
    /// Layer 1 — topography. `Some` once [`CascadeLayer::Topography`] has run.
    pub layer1: Option<Layer1Output>,
    /// Layer 3 — settlement placement. `Some` once [`CascadeLayer::Settlement`] has run.
    pub layer3: Option<Layer3Output>,
    /// RegionProfile layer — ~1 km carriers. `Some` once
    /// [`CascadeLayer::RegionProfile`] has run (T-1023, D-239 §1).
    pub layer_region: Option<LayerRegionOutput>,
}

/// RegionProfile layer output (T-1023, D-239 §1): per-region (~1 km) terrain
/// profiles covering the whole body. Stored in `BodyWorldState.regions`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct LayerRegionOutput {
    pub regions: std::collections::BTreeMap<RegionPos, RegionProfile>,
}

/// Layer 3 output (#955, D-211): attractor-matched settlement placements for the
/// body. Re-derivable from (Layer-1 attractors + settlement records + seed).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct Layer3Output {
    pub placements: Vec<CityPlacement>,
}

impl CascadeSnapshot {
    /// Convert into a [`BodyWorldState`] for the D-203 cache (#968). Moves the
    /// heightmap raster and the Layer-1 outputs in; `last_accessed` starts at 0
    /// (the cache stamps it on read). A snapshot that stopped at Layer 0 yields
    /// empty river/basin/attractor data.
    pub fn into_body_world_state(self) -> BodyWorldState {
        let (river_network, drainage_basins, attractors) = match self.layer1 {
            Some(l1) => (l1.river_network, l1.drainage_basins, l1.attractors),
            None => (RiverNetwork::default(), Vec::new(), Vec::new()),
        };
        let placements = self.layer3.map(|l3| l3.placements).unwrap_or_default();
        let regions = self.layer_region.map(|lr| lr.regions).unwrap_or_default();
        BodyWorldState {
            body_id: self.body_id,
            heightmap: self.heightmap.data,
            heightmap_width: self.heightmap.width,
            heightmap_height: self.heightmap.height,
            river_network,
            drainage_basins,
            attractors,
            placements,
            quarters: std::collections::BTreeMap::new(),
            regions,
            last_accessed: 0,
        }
    }
}

/// Layer 3 — settlement placement (#955, D-211). Pure: matches the body's
/// settlements to its Layer-1 attractors via the authored D-195 compatibility
/// matrix (the five-phase `match_cities` pipeline). Deterministic — a pure
/// function of (attractors, cities); no RNG.
///
/// `terrain_costs` is `None` for now (uniform 1.0); wiring sub-biome
/// `terrain_modification_cost` (D-234) is a follow-on refinement.
///
/// `territorial_status` (D-212, from the body's `dominant_faction`) and `seed`
/// drive the per-settlement spatial-character enrichment (#956, D-213/214/215).
fn run_layer3(
    attractors: &[GeographicAttractor],
    cities: &[CityRecord],
    territorial_status: &TerritorialStatus,
    seed: SeedChain,
    grid_w: u32,
    grid_h: u32,
) -> Layer3Output {
    let matrix = CompatibilityMatrix::d195();
    let placements = match_cities(
        cities,
        attractors,
        &matrix,
        None,
        grid_w,
        grid_h,
        territorial_status,
        seed,
    );
    Layer3Output { placements }
}

/// Run the cascade from a heightmap already in memory, up to `up_to`.
///
/// Pure (no I/O); this is the testable core. `body_seed` is this body's
/// [`SeedChain`] position — the caller derives it from the world seed via
/// `SeedChain::root(world_seed).derive(SeedDomain::Body, id)`. `cities` are the
/// body's settlements (from `atlas_city_names`, supplied by the caller — the
/// cascade stays DB-free); empty until Layer 3 (`Settlement`) is requested.
/// `dominant_faction` is the body's authored system faction (D-237); it drives
/// the `TerritorialStatus` on each province and the per-settlement spatial
/// character (#956). `None` → `FrontierUnclaimed`.
/// `body_params` supplies the physical parameters needed for the RegionProfile
/// layer (T-1023); `None` → region layer skips (empty `regions` map).
pub fn run_cascade_from_heightmap(
    body_seed: SeedChain,
    heightmap: BodyHeightmap,
    cities: &[CityRecord],
    dominant_faction: Option<&str>,
    body_params: Option<&BodyParams>,
    up_to: CascadeLayer,
) -> CascadeSnapshot {
    let mut snapshot = CascadeSnapshot {
        body_id: heightmap.body_id.clone(),
        seed: body_seed,
        heightmap,
        layer1: None,
        layer3: None,
        layer_region: None,
    };

    // TerritorialStatus is derived once per body from the system's dominant
    // faction (D-212, #956). Uniform across the body's provinces for now.
    let territorial_status = territorial_status_from_faction(dominant_faction);

    // Layer 1 — topography (RNG-free; pure function of the heightmap).
    if up_to >= CascadeLayer::Topography {
        let mut l1 = layer1::run_layer1(&snapshot.heightmap);
        // Stamp the province TerritorialStatus (D-212) onto each basin.
        for basin in &mut l1.drainage_basins {
            basin.territorial_status = territorial_status.clone();
        }
        snapshot.layer1 = Some(l1);
    }

    // Layer 3 — settlement placement (D-211). Requires Layer 1 attractors, which
    // are present because Settlement > Topography in the layer order.
    if up_to >= CascadeLayer::Settlement {
        let attractors: &[GeographicAttractor] = match snapshot.layer1.as_ref() {
            Some(l1) => &l1.attractors,
            None => &[],
        };
        // cache seam: run_layer3 is a pure, deterministic function of
        // (attractors, cities, territorial_status, seed) — wrap a persistent
        // cache here when we add one (build-time bake or local cache; see #1021).
        let l3 = run_layer3(
            attractors,
            cities,
            &territorial_status,
            body_seed,
            snapshot.heightmap.width,
            snapshot.heightmap.height,
        );
        snapshot.layer3 = Some(l3);
    }

    // RegionProfile layer (T-1023, D-239 §1) — pure derivation from body params +
    // terrain analysis. Needs a TerrainAnalysis, which needs a drainage pass.
    // Layer 1 already ran drainage inside run_layer1, but neither the drainage
    // result nor the TerrainAnalysis is stored on Layer1Output, so we re-run both
    // here. Pure → determinism preserved, but the drainage re-run is NOT free at
    // the ~6 000-regions/body working scale (D-203).
    // PERF/TODO(T-1028): cache TerrainAnalysis on Layer1Output to drop this
    // redundant drainage pass, and validate the combined cost against the D-239 §10
    // ~45 ms/body budget in the T-1031 verification harness. This is now a LIVE
    // production cost: T-1032 wired the real body_params read, so every analyzed
    // body runs this path. If body_params is None, the region layer is skipped
    // (e.g. unit tests without DB).
    if up_to >= CascadeLayer::RegionProfile {
        if let Some(params) = body_params {
            use crate::atlas::drainage;
            let dr = drainage::analyze(
                &snapshot.heightmap.data,
                snapshot.heightmap.width,
                snapshot.heightmap.height,
                snapshot.heightmap.sea_level,
            );
            let ta = TerrainAnalysis::analyze(&snapshot.heightmap, &dr);
            // ~8 cells per region on a 128×64 working grid → ~80×32 = ~2 560 regions;
            // at full working resolution the budget is ~6 000/body (D-203).
            const CELLS_PER_REGION: usize = 8;
            let regions =
                region_profile::derive_all_regions(body_seed, params, &ta, CELLS_PER_REGION);
            snapshot.layer_region = Some(LayerRegionOutput { regions });
        }
    }

    snapshot
}

/// Run the cascade for one body, loading its baked `heightmap.png` from `path`.
///
/// `default_sea_level` is the fallback used when the PNG lacks a `sea_level`
/// tEXt chunk. Delegates to [`run_cascade_from_heightmap`] for the layer work.
pub fn run_cascade(
    body_seed: SeedChain,
    body_id: &str,
    heightmap_path: &Path,
    default_sea_level: f32,
    cities: &[CityRecord],
    dominant_faction: Option<&str>,
    body_params: Option<&BodyParams>,
    up_to: CascadeLayer,
) -> Result<CascadeSnapshot, HeightmapLoadError> {
    // Layer 0 — the cascade's input; always loaded.
    let heightmap = heightmap::load_heightmap_png(heightmap_path, body_id, default_sea_level)?;
    Ok(run_cascade_from_heightmap(
        body_seed,
        heightmap,
        cities,
        dominant_faction,
        body_params,
        up_to,
    ))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::seed::SeedDomain;

    /// A small synthetic heightmap with a diagonal slope so drainage and feature
    /// extraction have real structure to work on.
    fn test_heightmap() -> BodyHeightmap {
        let (width, height) = (64u32, 32u32);
        let n = (width * height) as usize;
        let data = (0..n)
            .map(|i| {
                let r = (i / width as usize) as f32 / height as f32;
                let c = (i % width as usize) as f32 / width as f32;
                (r * 0.6 + c * 0.4).min(1.0)
            })
            .collect();
        BodyHeightmap {
            body_id: "test_body".into(),
            width,
            height,
            data,
            sea_level: 0.3,
        }
    }

    fn body_seed() -> SeedChain {
        SeedChain::root(42).derive(SeedDomain::Body, 1)
    }

    #[test]
    fn heightmap_layer_skips_layer1() {
        let snap = run_cascade_from_heightmap(
            body_seed(),
            test_heightmap(),
            &[],
            None,
            None, // body_params
            CascadeLayer::Heightmap,
        );
        assert_eq!(snap.body_id, "test_body");
        assert!(
            snap.layer1.is_none(),
            "Layer 1 must not run when up_to = Heightmap"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn topography_layer_runs_layer1() {
        let snap = run_cascade_from_heightmap(
            body_seed(),
            test_heightmap(),
            &[],
            None,
            None, // body_params
            CascadeLayer::Topography,
        );
        let l1 = snap.layer1.expect("Layer 1 should have run");
        assert_eq!(l1.body_id, "test_body");
    }

    #[test]
    fn cascade_is_deterministic() {
        let extract = |s: CascadeSnapshot| {
            let l1 = s.layer1.expect("layer1");
            l1.attractors
                .iter()
                .map(|a| (a.position, a.attractor_type, a.sub_biome))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        };
        let a = extract(run_cascade_from_heightmap(
            body_seed(),
            test_heightmap(),
            &[],
            None,
            None, // body_params
            CascadeLayer::Topography,
        ));
        let b = extract(run_cascade_from_heightmap(
            body_seed(),
            test_heightmap(),
            &[],
            None,
            None, // body_params
            CascadeLayer::Topography,
        ));
        assert_eq!(
            a, b,
            "same heightmap must yield identical Layer-1 attractors"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn layers_are_ordered() {
        // The `up_to >= CascadeLayer::Settlement` guards in the cascade rely on
        // this declaration order — pin it explicitly so reordering the enum (or
        // inserting a layer out of sequence) fails here instead of silently
        // breaking which layers run.
        assert!(CascadeLayer::Heightmap < CascadeLayer::Topography);
        assert!(CascadeLayer::Topography < CascadeLayer::Settlement);
        assert!(CascadeLayer::Settlement < CascadeLayer::RegionProfile);
    }

    #[test]
    fn run_cascade_missing_file_is_err() {
        // The file-loading path returns an error (not a panic) for a bad path.
        let res = run_cascade(
            body_seed(),
            "missing",
            std::path::Path::new("/nonexistent/sr-test/heightmap.png"),
            0.3,
            &[],
            None,
            None, // body_params
            CascadeLayer::Heightmap,
        );
        assert!(res.is_err(), "missing heightmap must Err, not panic");
    }

    /// RegionProfile layer runs, produces regions, and is deterministic (T-1023).
    #[test]
    fn region_profile_layer_runs_and_is_deterministic() {
        use crate::atlas::region_profile::BodyParams;

        let params = BodyParams {
            hydrosphere: Some("ocean".into()),
            atmosphere: Some("breathable".into()),
            planet_class: Some("temperate".into()),
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let run = || {
            run_cascade_from_heightmap(
                body_seed(),
                test_heightmap(),
                &[],
                None,
                Some(&params),
                CascadeLayer::RegionProfile,
            )
        };
        let snap1 = run();
        let snap2 = run();
        let lr1 = snap1.layer_region.expect("layer_region should be Some");
        let lr2 = snap2.layer_region.expect("layer_region should be Some");
        assert!(!lr1.regions.is_empty(), "regions map must not be empty");
        assert_eq!(
            lr1.regions.len(),
            lr2.regions.len(),
            "region count deterministic"
        );
        // BTreeMap iteration order is deterministic — compare all entries.
        for (pos, p1) in &lr1.regions {
            let p2 = lr2.regions.get(pos).expect("matching pos in second run");
            assert_eq!(p1.river_threshold, p2.river_threshold);
            assert_eq!(p1.tectonic_class, p2.tectonic_class);
            assert_eq!(p1.glaciation_grade, p2.glaciation_grade);
        }
    }

    /// Layer 3 — settlement placement runs, places the body's settlements onto
    /// attractors, and is deterministic (#955, D-211).
    #[test]
    fn settlement_layer_places_cities_deterministically() {
        use crate::atlas::attractor_matching::CityRecord;
        use crate::simulation::generator::SettlementClass;

        let cities = vec![
            CityRecord {
                city_id: 1,
                name: "Capital".into(),
                settlement_class: SettlementClass::NameLocked,
                population: 2_000_000,
                economic_role: "financial".into(),
            },
            CityRecord {
                city_id: 2,
                name: "Farm Town".into(),
                settlement_class: SettlementClass::OrganicGrowth,
                population: 120_000,
                economic_role: "agricultural".into(),
            },
        ];
        let run = || {
            run_cascade_from_heightmap(
                body_seed(),
                test_heightmap(),
                &cities,
                Some("concord_assembly"),
                None, // body_params
                CascadeLayer::Settlement,
            )
        };
        let snap = run();
        let placement_count = {
            let l3 = snap.layer3.as_ref().expect("Layer 3 should have run");
            assert!(
                !l3.placements.is_empty(),
                "settlements must be placed when Layer 1 produced attractors"
            );
            l3.placements.len()
        };
        // Determinism: same inputs → identical placements (positions + city_ids).
        let key = |s: &CascadeSnapshot| {
            s.layer3
                .as_ref()
                .unwrap()
                .placements
                .iter()
                .map(|p| (p.city_id, p.position, p.attractor_type, p.synthetic))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        };
        assert_eq!(key(&snap), key(&run()), "placement must be deterministic");

        // #956 enrichment propagates: a concord_assembly body is
        // CommissionControlled, so every placement derives the Commission
        // archetype + RadialCore arrangement (D-212/214/215).
        {
            use crate::simulation::generator::{
                ArrangementPattern, PoliticalArchetype, TerritorialStatus,
            };
            let l3 = snap.layer3.as_ref().unwrap();
            for p in &l3.placements {
                assert_eq!(p.political_archetype, PoliticalArchetype::Commission);
                assert_eq!(p.arrangement_pattern, ArrangementPattern::RadialCore);
            }
            // TerritorialStatus is stamped on every province (D-212).
            let l1 = snap.layer1.as_ref().unwrap();
            assert!(
                l1.drainage_basins
                    .iter()
                    .all(|b| b.territorial_status == TerritorialStatus::CommissionControlled),
                "every basin inherits the body's TerritorialStatus"
            );
        }

        // The placements propagate into the hot-cache BodyWorldState.
        assert_eq!(
            snap.into_body_world_state().placements.len(),
            placement_count
        );
    }
}