diff --git a/server/src/atlas/district_mix.rs b/server/src/atlas/district_mix.rs
index 7577d82bc..a6d3e5504 100644
--- a/server/src/atlas/district_mix.rs
+++ b/server/src/atlas/district_mix.rs
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ pub fn compute_district_mix(
     // We avoid f32 by using integer weighted random selection.
     let weight_sum: u32 = weights.iter().sum();
     let mut counts: [u32; 9] = [0; 9];
-    let mut lcg = AtlasRng::new(seed);
+    let mut lcg = AtlasRng::new(seed.wrapping_add(1));
 
     for _ in 0..total_districts {
         let mut pick = lcg.next_u32() % weight_sum;
diff --git a/server/src/atlas/gen_queue.rs b/server/src/atlas/gen_queue.rs
index 5268e6e4b..95e99c563 100644
--- a/server/src/atlas/gen_queue.rs
+++ b/server/src/atlas/gen_queue.rs
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ struct QueuedWork {
 /// Submit work with `submit()`. Drain completions with `drain_completions()`
 /// once per tick. The Rayon thread pool runs tasks in priority order.
 ///
-/// Priority is respected because `dispatch_next()` is gated on pool saturation:
-/// it only dispatches when `in_flight.len() < n_threads`, so a backlog accumulates
-/// in the sorted pending Vec when the pool is full. The highest-priority item
-/// (lowest `GenPriority` value) is always at index 0 and dispatched first.
+/// Priority is respected because `dispatch_next()` is gated on pool saturation
+/// via `in_flight_count`: it only dispatches when fewer than `n_threads` tasks
+/// are running. This applies to all work item types — `in_flight` (body-id set)
+/// is only for AnalyzeBody dedup; `in_flight_count` is the general saturation gate.
 #[derive(Resource)]
 pub struct GenerationQueue {
     /// Pending work items, sorted by priority (index 0 = highest priority).
@@ -126,8 +126,11 @@ pub struct GenerationQueue {
     completion_rx: Receiver<GenCompletion>,
     /// Rayon thread pool dedicated to generation work.
     pool: rayon::ThreadPool,
-    /// Set of body_ids currently in-flight to avoid duplicate submissions.
+    /// Set of body_ids currently in-flight — used only for AnalyzeBody dedup.
     in_flight: Arc<Mutex<std::collections::BTreeSet<String>>>,
+    /// Count of all work items currently executing in the Rayon pool.
+    /// This is the saturation gate — all work item types increment/decrement it.
+    in_flight_count: Arc<Mutex<usize>>,
     /// Thread count — caps concurrent dispatches so pending items accumulate
     /// and priority ordering is consulted before the pool has free threads.
     n_threads: usize,
@@ -168,6 +171,7 @@ impl GenerationQueue {
             completion_rx: rx,
             pool,
             in_flight: Arc::new(Mutex::new(std::collections::BTreeSet::new())),
+            in_flight_count: Arc::new(Mutex::new(0)),
             n_threads,
         }
     }
@@ -228,16 +232,16 @@ impl GenerationQueue {
 
     // Dispatch the highest-priority pending item to the Rayon pool.
     //
-    // Gated on pool saturation: only dispatches when in_flight.len() < n_threads.
-    // This ensures items accumulate in the sorted pending Vec when all threads are
-    // busy, so priority ordering is actually consulted before dispatch.
+    // Gated on in_flight_count < n_threads — applies to all work item types,
+    // not just AnalyzeBody. When the pool is full, items stay in the sorted
+    // pending Vec so priority ordering is consulted on the next free slot.
     fn dispatch_next(&self) {
         let item = {
-            let in_flight = self.in_flight.lock().unwrap();
-            if in_flight.len() >= self.n_threads {
+            let count = self.in_flight_count.lock().unwrap();
+            if *count >= self.n_threads {
                 return;
             }
-            drop(in_flight);
+            drop(count);
 
             let mut pending = self.pending.lock().unwrap();
             if pending.is_empty() {
@@ -246,29 +250,28 @@ impl GenerationQueue {
             pending.remove(0).item
         };
 
-        // Mark body as in-flight.
+        // Mark body as in-flight (AnalyzeBody dedup).
         if let Some(body_id) = item.body_id() {
             self.in_flight.lock().unwrap().insert(body_id.to_string());
         }
+        // Increment general in-flight counter for all item types.
+        *self.in_flight_count.lock().unwrap() += 1;
 
         let tx = self.completion_tx.clone();
         let in_flight = Arc::clone(&self.in_flight);
-        let pending = Arc::clone(&self.pending);
+        let in_flight_count = Arc::clone(&self.in_flight_count);
 
         self.pool.spawn(move || {
             let completion = run_work_item(&item);
 
-            // Un-mark in-flight.
+            // Un-mark body dedup set (AnalyzeBody only).
             if let Some(body_id) = item.body_id() {
                 in_flight.lock().unwrap().remove(body_id);
             }
+            // Decrement general counter for all item types.
+            *in_flight_count.lock().unwrap() -= 1;
 
             let _ = tx.send(completion);
-
-            // After finishing, check if more pending work exists — in a real
-            // impl, the next Rayon task is dispatched by the main thread on
-            // the next tick. We don't self-recurse here to avoid pool saturation.
-            let _ = pending; // keep Arc alive until task exits
         });
     }
 }
@@ -363,7 +366,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn priority_ordering() {
         // Submit three items rapidly; Immediate should be dispatched first.
-        let q = make_queue();
+        // Uses 3 threads so all items can dispatch without hitting saturation.
+        let q = GenerationQueue::with_threads(3);
         // Using GenerateSkeleton (no dedup logic) to test ordering directly.
         q.submit(
             GenWorkItem::GenerateSkeleton { city_id: 1 },
@@ -384,37 +388,43 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn priority_ordering_respected_under_saturation() {
-        // Single-thread queue: pool saturates after 1 dispatch, so remaining
-        // items queue up and are dispatched in priority order.
+        // Single-thread queue: in_flight_count saturates at 1, so the second
+        // item stays in the pending Vec and is dispatched in priority order.
+        // Uses AnalyzeBody (distinct body_ids) so all paths — dedup set AND
+        // in_flight_count — are exercised.
         let q = GenerationQueue::with_threads(1);
-        // Submit Low first, then Immediate — if ordering is respected,
-        // Immediate (city_id=2) should complete before Low (city_id=1).
+        // Submit Low first, then Immediate. With 1 thread:
+        //   - "BodyA" (Low) dispatches immediately (pool empty).
+        //   - "BodyB" (Immediate) is inserted at index 0 of the sorted pending
+        //     Vec while "BodyA" is in-flight (in_flight_count = 1 = n_threads).
+        //   - When "BodyA" completes, drain_completions() calls dispatch_next()
+        //     which picks index 0 = "BodyB" (Immediate).
         q.submit(
-            GenWorkItem::GenerateSkeleton { city_id: 1 },
+            GenWorkItem::AnalyzeBody {
+                body_id: "BodyA".to_string(),
+            },
             GenPriority::Low,
         );
         q.submit(
-            GenWorkItem::GenerateSkeleton { city_id: 2 },
+            GenWorkItem::AnalyzeBody {
+                body_id: "BodyB".to_string(),
+            },
             GenPriority::Immediate,
         );
-        // Wait for both to complete.
-        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
-        let completions = q.drain_completions();
-        // With 1 thread: city_id=1 (Low) dispatched first because it was
-        // the only item when submitted. city_id=2 (Immediate) was inserted
-        // at index 0 of the pending Vec while city_id=1 was in-flight —
-        // so it dispatches next, before any further Low items.
-        assert_eq!(completions.len(), 2);
-        // Second completion must be city_id=2 (Immediate) dispatched from
-        // the sorted pending queue ahead of any subsequent Low items.
-        assert!(matches!(
-            &completions[0],
-            GenCompletion::SkeletonGenerated { city_id: 1 }
-        ));
-        assert!(matches!(
-            &completions[1],
-            GenCompletion::SkeletonGenerated { city_id: 2 }
-        ));
+        // Wait for BodyA to complete.
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+        // drain_completions dispatches BodyB (Immediate, index 0 of pending).
+        let first = q.drain_completions();
+        // Wait for BodyB to complete.
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+        let second = q.drain_completions();
+
+        assert_eq!(first.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(second.len(), 1);
+        assert!(matches!(&first[0], GenCompletion::BodyAnalyzed { body_id } if body_id == "BodyA"));
+        assert!(
+            matches!(&second[0], GenCompletion::BodyAnalyzed { body_id } if body_id == "BodyB")
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/server/src/atlas/rng.rs b/server/src/atlas/rng.rs
index 42b87a95a..1d90c4d0e 100644
--- a/server/src/atlas/rng.rs
+++ b/server/src/atlas/rng.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@
 //! Shared by all atlas generation modules that need seeded randomness.
 //! Uses Knuth's LCG parameters — integer-only arithmetic, no f32, D-010 compliant.
 //!
-//! Two construction options:
-//! - [`AtlasRng::new`] — adds 1 to seed (district_mix convention).
-//! - [`AtlasRng::new_mixed`] — mixes seed with a Fibonacci hash constant to
-//!   avoid degenerate state at 0 (skeleton_gen convention).
+//! Callers are responsible for any seed pre-mixing before calling `AtlasRng::new`.
 
 /// Seeded linear congruential generator (D-010).
 pub struct AtlasRng {
@@ -14,18 +11,12 @@ pub struct AtlasRng {
 }
 
 impl AtlasRng {
-    /// Seed by adding 1 — matches the district_mix convention.
+    /// Create a new RNG from a pre-mixed seed.
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure the seed is non-degenerate (avoid passing 0 directly
+    /// if the seed could realistically be 0 — add a constant before calling).
     pub fn new(seed: u64) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            state: seed.wrapping_add(1),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Seed with Fibonacci hash mix — avoids degenerate state at seed=0.
-    pub fn new_mixed(seed: u64) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            state: seed.wrapping_add(0x9e37_79b9_7f4a_7c15),
-        }
+        Self { state: seed }
     }
 
     fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
@@ -63,12 +54,4 @@ mod tests {
         let vals_b: Vec<u32> = (0..10).map(|_| b.next_u32()).collect();
         assert_ne!(vals_a, vals_b);
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn mixed_seed_avoids_zero_state() {
-        let mut r = AtlasRng::new_mixed(0);
-        // Should not produce a constant zero sequence.
-        let vals: Vec<u32> = (0..5).map(|_| r.next_u32()).collect();
-        assert!(vals.iter().any(|&v| v != 0));
-    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/atlas/skeleton_gen.rs b/server/src/atlas/skeleton_gen.rs
index d07c60ca0..cb5009f71 100644
--- a/server/src/atlas/skeleton_gen.rs
+++ b/server/src/atlas/skeleton_gen.rs
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ fn derive_layout_mode(
 /// scaled to the ±16 sim tile maximum from `block_irregularity::max_offset_sim_tiles`.
 fn organic_placements(irregularity: f32, seed: u64) -> [[BlockPlacement; 4]; 4] {
     let max_offset = (irregularity * 16.0) as i16;
-    let mut lcg = AtlasRng::new_mixed(seed);
+    let mut lcg = AtlasRng::new(seed.wrapping_add(0x9e37_79b9_7f4a_7c15));
 
     // Build the 2D array using a flat closure to keep things readable.
     let mut flat: [BlockPlacement; 16] = core::array::from_fn(|_| BlockPlacement {
diff --git a/tooling/planet-gen/import_province_boundaries.py b/tooling/planet-gen/import_province_boundaries.py
index fa348cebc..3da0f25f6 100644
--- a/tooling/planet-gen/import_province_boundaries.py
+++ b/tooling/planet-gen/import_province_boundaries.py
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ def import_body_provinces(
         print(f"    {body_id}: {len(basins)} basins — {', '.join(areas)}")
 
     if not dry_run:
-        with conn:  # per-body savepoint: rolls back this body on exception, keeps prior commits
+        with conn:  # per-body transaction (BEGIN/COMMIT): rolls back this body on exception, keeps prior commits
             conn.execute(
                 "DELETE FROM atlas_province_boundaries WHERE body_id = ?",
                 (body_id,),