diff --git a/.pql/pql-plan.json b/.pql/pql-plan.json
index eba88f14..0a5760ca 100644
--- a/.pql/pql-plan.json
+++ b/.pql/pql-plan.json
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "exported_at": "2026-05-01T09:41:42Z",
+  "exported_at": "2026-05-01T10:01:22Z",
   "decisions": [
     {
       "id": "D-1",
diff --git a/lib/builtin/claude/src/claude_pane.dart b/lib/builtin/claude/src/claude_pane.dart
index 1112e9c4..e92f5e02 100644
--- a/lib/builtin/claude/src/claude_pane.dart
+++ b/lib/builtin/claude/src/claude_pane.dart
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ class _ClaudePaneState extends State<ClaudePane> {
   @override
   void dispose() {
     _resizeTimer?.cancel();
+    _flushTimer?.cancel();
     _eventSub?.cancel();
     _eventSub = null;
     final id = _paneId;
@@ -122,17 +123,10 @@ class _ClaudePaneState extends State<ClaudePane> {
         ? primarySessionName(repoRoot)
         : secondarySessionName(repoRoot, widget.secondaryIndex!);
 
-    // Try tmux-wrapped first (persistence). Fall back to direct claude
-    // if tmux spawn errors.
-    var argv = <String>[
-      'tmux',
-      'new-session',
-      '-A',
-      '-s',
-      sessionName,
-      '--',
-      'claude',
-    ];
+    // TODO: restore tmux+claude once resize is stable.
+    // Bare shell for resize debugging.
+    final shell = Platform.environment['SHELL'] ?? '/bin/zsh';
+    var argv = <String>[shell, '-l'];
     var resp = await ipc.request('pane.spawn', args: {
       'argv': argv,
       'kind': PaneKind.claude.wire,
@@ -172,6 +166,16 @@ class _ClaudePaneState extends State<ClaudePane> {
     setState(() {});
   }
 
+  final _outputBuf = StringBuffer();
+  Timer? _flushTimer;
+
+  void _flushOutput() {
+    _flushTimer = null;
+    if (_outputBuf.isEmpty) return;
+    _terminal.write(_outputBuf.toString());
+    _outputBuf.clear();
+  }
+
   void _subscribe() {
     final kernel = _kernel();
     if (kernel == null) return;
@@ -181,7 +185,12 @@ class _ClaudePaneState extends State<ClaudePane> {
         case 'pane.output':
           final b64 = e.data['bytes_b64'];
           if (b64 is String) {
-            _terminal.write(utf8.decode(base64Decode(b64), allowMalformed: true));
+            _outputBuf.write(utf8.decode(base64Decode(b64), allowMalformed: true));
+            // Throttle writes to ~60fps. Multiple PTY reads within a
+            // 16ms window are batched into one terminal.write() call,
+            // preventing split escape sequences from rendering as
+            // garbage between frames.
+            _flushTimer ??= Timer(const Duration(milliseconds: 16), _flushOutput);
           }
         case 'pane.exit':
           if (widget.isPrimary) {
diff --git a/lib/src/pty/native_pty.dart b/lib/src/pty/native_pty.dart
index 3effac60..216f4cd9 100644
--- a/lib/src/pty/native_pty.dart
+++ b/lib/src/pty/native_pty.dart
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class NativePty {
         ffi.Int32 Function(ffi.Pointer<_Pollfd>, ffi.Uint32, ffi.Int32),
         int Function(ffi.Pointer<_Pollfd>, int, int)>('poll');
 
-    final buf = malloc<ffi.Uint8>(4096);
+    final buf = malloc<ffi.Uint8>(65536);
     final pfd = calloc<_Pollfd>();
     pfd.ref.fd = fd;
     pfd.ref.events = 0x0001; // POLLIN
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class NativePty {
         if (pfd.ref.revents & 0x0038 != 0 && pfd.ref.revents & 0x0001 == 0) {
           break;
         }
-        final n = rd(fd, buf.cast(), 4096);
+        final n = rd(fd, buf.cast(), 65536);
         if (n <= 0) break;
         port.send(Uint8List.fromList(buf.asTypedList(n)));
       }